UC-NRLF 

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3  371  am 


MAIN  A-iaftAHY.AaRiCUL.TUKe  PEPT 


B/OL06Y 

UBRARY 

6 


THE  PTEROPHORID.E 


OF    NORTH    AMERICA. 


C.  H.  FERNALD,  A.M.,  PH.D. 


REVISED  EDITION. 

July  30,  1898. 


SPECIAL    BULLETIN./ 


HATCH  EXPERIMENT  STATION 


OF    THE 


MASSACHUSETTS  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE. 


THE  PTEROPHORIDy£ 

OF    NORTH    AMERICA. 


C.  H.  FERNALD,  A.M.,  PH.D. 


REVISED  EDITION. 

July  30,  1898. 


BOSTON  : 

WRIGHT  &   POTTER   PRINTING   CO.,  STATE   PRINTERS, 
18  POST  OFFICE  SQUARE. 
1898. 


BIOLCGY 

LIBRARY 
G 


...—  .c.^  ...~,_^, DEFT* 


THE  PTEROPHORID^E   OF  NORTH 
AMERICA. 


The  species  of  moths  taken  up  in  this  work  are  known  by  the 
common  names  of  plume-moths  and  feather-wings.  They  have 
been  studied  but  very  little,  and  our  knowledge  of  the  early  stages 
and  habits  of  a  large  proportion  of  our  native  American  species  is 
very  imperfect,  but  it  is  hoped  that  our  entomologists  will  give 
more  attention  to  them  hereafter. 

GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION. 

The  Pterophoridae  are  distributed  very  widely  over  the  globe, 
but  appear  to  be  most  numerous  in  the  temperate  regions,  par- 
ticularly in  Europe,  North  America  and  Australia ;  yet,  when 
other  parts  of  the  globe  have  been  as  carefully  explored,  it  is 
probable  that  many  additional  species  will  be  discovered,  and  that 
they  may  be  more  evenly  distributed  than  at  present  appears  to  be 
the  case. 

GEOLOGICAL  DISTRIBUTION. 

I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  S.  H.  Scudder,  our  highest  authority  on 
fossil  insects,  for  the  information  that  no  Pterophoridae  have  yet 
been  recognized  among  the  fossils,  not  even  in  amber. 

ECONOMIC  IMPORTANCE. 

A  few  species  of  the  Pterophoridae  are  injurious  to  plants  of 
economic  importance,  and  the  larvae  of  several  others  feed  on 
plants  raised  for  ornamental  purposes  or  for  flowers. 

NATURAL  ENEMIES. 

While  it  is  probable  that  the  species  of  this  family  are  preyed 
upon  not  only  by  insect  enemies  but  also  by  birds,  yet  I  have 
been  able  to  find  but  few  recorded  observations  with  regard  to 
them.  Ashmead  has  described  Pimpla  pterophori  and  Limneria 
pterophorce  from  Pterophorids  in  California,  and  the  latter  species 
has  also  been  taken  in  Texas.  Prof.  Kellicott  bred  Ichneumon 
humilis  Prov.  from  Platyptilia  carduidactyla. 

408188 


HISTORY. 

Linnaeus,  in  the  tenth  edition  of  his  "  Systema  Naturae,"  Vol. 
1,  page  542,  published  in  1758,  established  the  genus  Alucita  for 
the  plume-moths  with  the  following  six  species  under  it  in  order : 
monodactyla,  didactyla,  tridactyla,  tetradactyla,  pentadactyla  and 
hexadactyla,  —  all  placed  under  the  heading  ALUCIT^E.  Some  of 
these  insects  had  been  figured  and  described  more  or  less  fully  by 
authors  previous  to  the  time  of  Linnaeus,  as  Aldrovandus,  1602; 
Madam  Merian,  1679;  Petiver,  1702;  Ray,  1710;  Frisch,  1721; 
Reaumur,  1736;  and  Rosel,  1746;  but,  as  Linnaeus  in  the  above 
work  first  consistently  used  the  binomial  nomenclature,  it  has 
been  decided  almost  universally  by  zoologists  to  adopt  this  edi- 
tion of  the  "  Systema  Naturae"  as  the  starting-point  in  zoological 
nomenclature. 

In  1761,  Poda  published  his  "  Insecta  Musei  Graecencis,"  in 
which,  on  page  94,  he  adopted  the  generic  name  Alucita  with 
pentadactyla  L.  the  only  species  under  it,  and  this  species  is  there- 
fore regarded  as  the  type  of  the  genus  Alucita  by  Lord  Walsing- 
ham  and  other  eminent  authorities.  Geoffroy,  in  1762,  published 
the  first  edition  of  his  "  Histoire  abr£g£e  des  Insectes,"  in  two 
volumes.  In  the  second  volume  this  author,  rejecting  the  genus 
Alucita  of  Linnaeus,  established  the  genus  Pterophorus,  a  name 
which  he  stated  was  given  to  these  insects  by  some  naturalist  in 
former  times,  and  placed  under  it  pentadactyla  L.  didactyla  L.  and 
hexadactyla  L.  From  his  description  of  didactyla,  there  can  be  no 
doubt  that,  instead  of  this  species,  he  had  monodactyla  L.  before 
him,  and  therefore  we  must  consider  didactyla  Geoff,  the  same  as 
monodactyla  L.  As  Poda  had  already  used  pentadactyla  as  the 
type  of  Alucita,  only  the  species  monodactyla  L.  and  hexadactyla 
L.  could  be  considered  as  belonging  under  Pterophorus. 

Scopoli,  in  his  "  Entomologia  Carniolica,"  published  in  1762, 
gives  five  species  of  plume-moths  under  Phalaena,  which  he  ap- 
pears to  have  used  in  a  generic  sense.  In  1775,  Fabricius,  in  his 
"  Systema  Entomologiae,"  page  667,  very  improperly  made  use  of 
the  genus  Alucita  for  xylostella  L.  and  nineteen  other  Tineids,  and 
followed  Geoff roy  in  using  Pterophorus  for  the  plume- moths. 
This  use  of  these  generic  names  he  continued  through  all  his 
writings.  The  authors  of  the  *'  Systematische  Verzeichniss  der 
Schmetterlinge  der  Wienergegend,"  1776,  page  144,  adopted  the 
genus  Alucita  in  the  strict  Linnaean  sense. 

Latreille,  in  his  "  Precis  des  Caracteres  generique  des  Insectes," 


published  in  1796,  page  148,  separated  hexadactyla  from  the  group 
and  established  for  it  the  genus  Orneodes,  but  retained  the  rest  of 
the  plume-moths  under  Pterophorus.  Latreille  repeated  this  use 
of  these  generic  names  in  his  l  i  Histoire  naturelle  des  Crustaces  et 
Insectes,"  Vol.  XIV.,  page  255  (1805),  and  used  the  generic  name 
Alucita  in  the  Fabrician  sense.  This  action  of  Latreille  in  remov- 
ing hexadactylus  from  Pterophorus  left  only  the  species  monodacty- 
lus  L.  under  it  which  must  now  be  regarded  as  the  type,  while 
Orneodes  must  be  recognized  with  hexadactyla  L.  as  the  type. 

In  1806,  Hiibner  published  his  "  Tentameu,"  in  which  these  in- 
sects are  placed  in  Phalanx  9  ;  Alucitae,  in  Tribus  1  :  indubitate. 
There  are  two  divisions  under  this,  the  first  of  which  is  Ptero- 
phorse  with  Pterophora  pentadactyla,  and  the  second  is  Ripidophorae 
with  Ripidophora  hexadactyla.  The  "Tentamen"  has  caused  a 
great  deal  of  controversy  as  to  whether  it  was  a  true  publication, 
and  whether  its  generic  names  should  be  recognized.  No  question 
can  arise  in  case  of  the  plume-moths,  as  Poda  had  long  before 
adopted  pentadactyla  as  the  type  of  Alucita,  and  Latreille  had 
very  properly  separated  hexadactyla  from  the  group  and  estab- 
lished for  it  the  genus  Orneodes.  Schrank,  in  the  second  part  of 
Vol.  II.  of  his  "Fauna  Boica"  (1802),  page  139,  adopted  the 
Linnsean  genus  Alucita  for  these  insects. 

In  1811,  Haworth  published  the  third  part  of  his  "  Lepidoptera 
Britannica,"  in  which  he  adopted  the  genus  Alucita  in  the  Liunaean 
sense  for  the  plume-moths.  In  1815,  Leach  published  his  article 
"  Entomology "  in  the  "Edinburgh  Encyclopaedia,"  in  which, 
under  Tribe  VII,  Alucitides,  the  genus  Pterophorus  Geoff,  is 
adopted  with  pentadactylus  and  didactylus  under  it,  and  the  genus 
Alucita  with  hexadactyla  under  it.  In  1819,  Samouelle  published 
his  "Entomologist's  Useful  Compendium,"  in  which  he  adopted 
the  classification  of  Leach. 

Hiibner,  in  his  "  Verzeichniss  bekannter  Schmetterlinge," 
adopted  the  term  Alucitae  for  his  ninth  phalanx,  the  plume- 
moths.  This  part  of  the  "Verzeichniss"  was  published  between 
Aug.  27,  1825,  and  the  time  of  Hiibuer's  death,  which  occurred 
Sept.  13,  1826.  This  author  divided  these  insects  into  three 
tribes :  the  first  including  those  with  unfissured  wings,  for  which 
he  established  the  genus  Agdistis ;  the  second  with  those  having 
one  fissure  in  the  fore  wings  and  two  in  the  hind  wings.  This 
tribe  was  further  divided  into  two  families,  each  containing  two 
genera.  The  first  family,  Obtusae,  contained  the  genera  Platyptilia 
and  Amblyptilia,  and  the  second  family,  Cuspides,  contained  the 


6 

genera  Stenoptilia  and  Aciptilia.  The  third  tribe  included  those 
species  in  which  each  wing  is  divided  into  six  parts,  and  these 
were  all  placed  under  the  genus  Euchiradia,  which  is  of  course 
synonymous  with  Orneodes. 

In  1827,  Curtis  published  Vol.  IV.  of  his  "  British  Entomology/' 
in  which  he  adopted  the  genus  Pterophorus  and  names  pentadactyla 
L.  as  the  type.  In  Vol.  X.  of  the  same  work  (1833),  he  estab- 
lished the  genus  Adactylus  with  adactyla  Hub.  for  the  type.  In 
Vol.  XV.,  published  in  1838,  he  adopted  the  genus  Alucita  and 
named  hexadactyla  as  the  type.  Curtis,  in  1829,  in  his  "Guide 
to  an  arrangement  of  the  British  insects,"  had  taken  the  genus 
Adactylus  for  the  species  with  undivided  wings,  Alucita  for  ' '  hex- 
adactyla  and  its  allies "  and  Pterophorus  for  the  remainder.  In 
the  same  year  Stephens  published  his  "Catalogue  of  British  in- 
sects," in  which  he  adopted  the  genus  Agdistis  Hub.  for  the  species 
with  undivided  wings,  and  Pterophorus  and  Alucita  in  the  same 
sense  as  Curtis  had  used  them.  This  same  classification  was 
used  by  Stephens  in  1834,  in  his  "Illustrations  of  British  En- 
tomology." 

Treitschke,  in  Vol.  IX.,  Part  2,  of  his  "  Schmetterlinge  von 
Europa,"  published  in  1833,  adopted  the  generic  name  Alucita  for 
the  species  placed  by  Stephens  under  Agdistis  and  Pterophorus, 
while  he  used  Orneodes  for  hexadactylus  and  its  allies.  In  1836, 
Duponchel,  in  his  "  Histoire  naturelle  des  Lepidopteres,"  Vol.  IX., 
adopted  the  classification  of  Latreille,  but  in  his  "  Catalogue 
Methodique,"  published  in  1844,  he  used  the  genus  Adactyla  Zell. 
for  hubneri  Curt.,  Orneodes,  for  hexadactyla  and  its  allies,  and 
Pterophorus  for  the  remaining  species.  West  wood,  in  Vol.  I.  of 
his  "Classification  of  insects,"  page  115,  published  in  1839, 
adopted  the  classification  of  Stephens. 

Zeller,  in  1841,  published  his  monograph  of  the  plume-moths 
in  "  Isis,"  Vol.  X.  This  author  adopted  the  name  Pterophoridcz 
for  the  group,  and  divided  them  into  the  Pterophoridce  proprii,  and 
Alucitina.  Under  the  first  division  he  established  the  genus  Adac- 
tyla, apparently  unconscious  of  the  fact  that  Curtis  had  already 
used  the  same  name.  Under  this  same  division  Zeller  adopted  the 
genus  Pterophorus  Geoff.,  which  he  divided  into  groups  or  sub- 
genera  as  follows:  Platyptilus  (Platyptilia  Hiib.),  Oxyptilus  (Am- 
Uyptilia  Hiib. ) ,  Pterophorus  (Stenoptilia  Hub.) ,  Aciptilus  (Aciptilia 
Hiib.).  The  division  Alucitina  contained  the  genus  Alucita  with 
hexadactyla  and  allies  under  it.  In  1852,  Zeller  published  his 
*'  Revision  of  the  Pterophoridae  "  in  "  Linnaea  Entomologia,"  Vol. 


VI.,  page  319,  in  which  he  sinks  his  genus  Adactyla  and  aflopts 
Hiibner's  Agdistis^  and  establishes  the  genus  Deuterocopns  for  the 
species  tengstro&mi  of  Java. 

In  1840,  Zetterstedt,  in  his  "  Insecta  Laponica,"  placed  all  his 
plume-moths  under  the  genus  Alucita,  but  in  a  note  refers  to  Or- 
neodes  hexadactyla  indicating  his  adoption  of  this  generic  name. 
Herrich-Schseffer,  in  his  "  Schmetterlinge  von  Europa,"  Vol.  V., 
published  in  1853-55,  follows  the  classification  of  Zeller.  Stain- 
ton,  in  his  "Manual  of  British  Butterflies  and  Moths"  (1859), 
adopted  the  generic  name  Adactyla  for  bennetii,  Pteropltoms  for 
rliododactylus  and  its  allies  and  Alucita  for  polydactyla. 

In  1859,  Wallengren  published  his  work  on  the  Scandinavian 
plume-moths,  which,  like  Zeller's  works,  marked  an  era  in  the 
classification  of  these  insects.  Wallengren  followed  Zeller  in 
dividing  them  into  the  Pterophoridce  and  Alucitina,  unddr  the  first 
of  which  he  established  four  new  genera,  and  used,  in  addition  to 
these,  five  genera  established  by  earlier  authors.  Under  Alucitina 
he  adopted  the  genus  Alucita  for  hexadactyla. 

In  1864,  Walker  published  Part  30  of  his  "List  of  the  Lepi- 
dopterous  Insects  in  the  British  Museum,"  in  which  he  refers  to 
all  the  described  species  of  the  plume-moths,  and  added  thirty- 
five  new  species  and  two  new  genera  founded  on  new  species  from 
Ega,  South  America.  In  this  work  Walker  followed  the  classifi- 
cation of  Zeller. 

In  1869,  Dr.  Jordan,  in  the  "Entomologist's  Monthly  Maga- 
zine," Vol.  VI.,  pages  119  and  149,  gave  a  review  of  Wallengren's 
work,  referred  to  above,  which  contains  valuable  information. 
Mr.  South  has  given  a  most  interesting  and  valuable  series  of 
illustrated  papers  on  the  early  stages,  habits  and  food  plants  of 
•the  British  plume-moths  in  the  "  Entomologist,"  Vol.  XIV.  and 
following  volumes.  Tutt's  "Monograph  of  the  Pterophorina  of 
Britain  "  is  also  a  valuable  paper  on  the  British  plume-moths.  In 
1877,  Dr.  Wocke,  in  "Die  Schmetterlinge  Deutschlands  und  der 
Schweiz,"  Vol.  II.,  Part  2,  followed  very  closely  the  classification 
of  Wallengren.  In  1886,  Leech,  in  his  British  Pyralides,"  in- 
cluding the  Pterophoridse  published  in  1886,  uses  the  super- family 
Pterophori  with  the  families  Pterophoridce  and  Alucitida*  under  it. 

Meyrick,  in  his  paper  "  On  the  Classification  of  the  Pyralidina 
of  the  European  Fauna,"  published  in  1890,  in  the  "  Transactions 
of  the  Entomological  Society  of  London,"  placed  these  insects  as 
families  under  the  super-family  Pyralidina.  Mr.  Meyrick  had 
already  made  critical  studies  on  these  insects  in  his  researches  on 


8 

the  Lepidoptera  of  Australia  and  New  Zealand,  and  in  the  paper 
ajbove  referred  to  he  gave  most  excellent  characters  to  the  families 
and  genera.  He  adopted  the  family  names  Pterophoridce  and  Or- 
neodidce  with  the  genus  Orneodes  under  the  last  for  hexadactyla 
and  its  allies.  In  his  "Handbook  of  British  Lepidoptera" 
(1895),  Meyrick  retains  substantially  the  same  classification. 
The  latest  and  one  of  the  most  valuable  works  that  I  have  seen 
is  "Die  deutschen  Pterophoriden "  by  Dr.  O.  Hofmann  (1895). 
In  this  work  we  are  given  for  the  first  time  a  very  good  account 
of  the  genitalia,  and  all  stages  are  described  in  full  so  far  as 
known. 

The  first  writer  on  the  North  American  plume-moths,  so  far 
as  I  am  able  to  learn,  was  Fitch,  in  his  first  "  Report  on  the  In- 
sects of  New  York,"  page  145  (1856),  where  he  published  eight 
species,  pkicing  them  under  the  genus  Pterophorus.  In  1864, 
Walker  published  two  species  from  this  country  under  the  same 
genus,  in  the  "  Catalogue  of  the  Lepidoptera  Heterocera,"  Part  30, 
page  940.  In  1869,  Riley,  in  his  first  "  Report  on  the  Insects  of 
Missouri,"  published  one  new  species  and  gave  a  more  complete 
description  of  one  of  the  species  of  Fitch.  In  1873,  Packard 
described  three  species  from  California  under  the  genus  Ptero- 
phorus,  in  the  "Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,"  Vol. 
X.,  page  265.  In  the  same  year  Zeller,  in  his  "Beitrage,"  de- 
scribed six  new  species  of  the  North  American  plume-moths,  and 
in  the  same  paper  established  a  new  genus  (Scoptonoma)  with  two 
new  species  from  Texas.  This  genus,  however,  proved  to  be  the 
same  as  Lineodes  of  G-uenee,  a  Pyralid  genus.  The  next  year 
Zeller  described  his  Leioptilus  Mathewianus  in  his  "Lepidoptera 
der  Westkuste  Amerika's,"  page  23.  Chambers  published  Ptero- 
phorus lacteodactylus  in  the  "Canadian  Entomologist,"  Vol.  V., 
page  265  (1873). 

The  most  important  contribution  to  our  knowledge  of  the  North 
American  species  of  these  insects  was  given  by  Lord  Walsingham 
in  his  "  Pterophoridse  of  California  and  Oregon,"  published  in 

1880.  This  work  contains  full  descriptions  of  forty-one  species, 
'many  of   them  here  published  for  the  first  time,  and  all  of  the 
species  are  illustrated  in  'colors.     Lord  Walsingham  was  so  gener- 
ous as  to  give  me  co-types  of  nearly  all  of  his  species.     In  this 
same  year  Miss  Murtf eldt  described  two  new  species  with  their  early 
stages  in  the  "American  Entomologist,"  Vol.  III.,  page  235.     In 

1881,  Mr.  Charles  Fish  described  ten  species  of  these  moths  in  the 
"Canadian  Entomologist,"  Vol.  XIII.,  pages  70  and  140.     This 


gentleman  made  extensive  studies  of  the  Pterophoridae,  and  se- 
cured the  types  of  Fitch's  species  and  all  of  his  notes  on  them ; 
but,  having  abandoned  the  work  because  of  other  engagements,  I 
obtained  his  entire  collection  of  these  insects,  including  all  of  his 
own  types  as  well  as  those  of  Fitch.  Valuable  notes  by  other 
writers  have  also  been  made,  which  will  be  referred  to  under  the 
various  species  on  following  pages. 

STRUCTURE. 

* 

The  Pterophoridae  are  small,  slim  insects,  with  long,  slender 
lugs  and  long,  narrow  fore  wings,  cut  by  a  fissure  extending  in 
from  the  middle  of  the  outer  margin  between  veins  4  and  7,  from 
a  fourth  to  one-half  of  the  length  of  the  wing  (plates  II.  and  III.). 
The  parts  on  each  side  of  the  fissure  are  called  lobes,  the  anterior 
one  being  called  the  first  lobe  and  the  other  the  second  lobe.  In 
some  of  the  genera  these  lobes  are  narrow  and  pointed,  while  in 
others  they  are  well  developed  and  present  two  well-marked  angles 
on  each,  which  are  called  the  apex  and  anal  angle  (Plate  II.,  fig. 
1 ) .  The  normal  number  of  veins  in  the  fore  wings  is  twelve,  but 
this  number  is  reduced  in  many  of  the  species.  Vein  1  is  feebly 
forked  at  the  base,  at  least  in  some  of  the  species,  and  the  cross 
vein  and  veins  5  and  6  are  very  weak,  often  entirely  visible ;  5 
and  6  at  equal  distances  from  each  other  and  from  4  and  7,  ex- 
tending to  the  fissure  which  ends  between  them.  Veins  8  and  9 
are  stalked  and  10  sometimes  arises  from  the  same  stalk,  but  is 
occasionally  wanting. 

The  hind  wings  have  two  fissures,  the  first  extending  in  from 
the  outer  margin  between  veins  4  and  7  to  about  the  middle  of  the 
wing ;  the  second,  between  the  inner  margin  veins  and  vein  2, 
extends  to  about  the  basal  fourth.  These  divisions  are  called 
feathers,  the  anterior  one  being  called  the  first  feather,  the  middle 
one  the  second  feather  and  the  posterior  one  the  third  feather 
(Plate  II.,  fig.  2). 

The  first  feather  in  some  species  is  somewhat  spoon-shaped, 
rounded  at  the  outer  end,  widest  near  the  middle  and  narrower 
near  the  base.  The  costal  vein  bends  down  near  the  middle  of  its 
course,  approaching  very  near  to  the  subcostal.  The  costal  vein 
ends  in  the  costa  when  this  feather  tapers  gradually  to  a  point  and 
vein  7  ends  in  the  point.  When  this  feather  is  broad  at  the  outer 
end  and  has  two  angles  corresponding  to  the  apex  and  anal  angle, 
the  costal  vein  usually  ends  in  the  apex  and  vein  7  in  the  anal 


10 

angle.  The  frenulum  is  single  in  the  male  and  divided  in  the 
female. 

The  second  feather  in  some  species  is  widest  towards  the  outer 
end,  which  is  very  oblique,  but  in  others  it  is  of  the  same  form  as 
the  third  feather.  The  median  vein  runs  into  this  feather,  giving 
off  vein  2  which  ends  in  the  hind  margin,  vein  3  which  ends  in  the 
anal  angle  of  this  feather  and  vein  4  which  ends  in  the  apex.  In 
the  narrow,  tapering  forms  vein  4  is  wanting  and  3  runs  to  the 
end  of  the  feather.  The  cross  vein  and  also  veins  5  and  6  are 
exceedingly  fine  and  scarcely  visible  under  the  mosl^  favorable 
circumstances. 

The  third  feather  tapers  gradually  to  the  more  or  less  blunt 
outer  end,  but  in  some  species  it  has  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded 
angle  on  its  hind  margin,  which  represents  the  anal  angle  of  the 
wing  (Plate  II.,  fig.  2).  This  feather  has  a  strong  vein  running 
through  the  middle  to  the  end,  which  is  undoubtedly  vein  Ib.  In 
some  species  a  weak  vein  may  be  seen  above  lying  very  near  the 
edge  of  the  feather,  and  in  others  a  shorter  vein  below  running  to 
the  hind  margin  of  the  feather  a  little  beyond  the  anal  angle. 
This,  without  doubt,  is  vein  la,  and  therefore  the  three  internal 
veins  are  represented  in  the  Pterophoridse,  but  all  three  do  not 
occur  in  any  one  species. 

The  fringes  are  long  and  arranged  along  both  sides  of  the 
feathers,  giving  them  a  strong  resemblance  to  the  feathers  of  a 
bird,  thus  making  more  complete  organs  of  flight.  In  some 
species  there  are  clusters  of  dark  spatulate  scales  in  the  hind 
fringe  of  the  third  feather,  and  similar  scales  occur  along  the 
median  vein  on  the  under  side  of  the  wing.  The  basal  part  of 
the  median  vein  on  the  upper  side  of  the  hind  wings  is  not  pro- 
vided with  a  row  of  fine  hairs,  as  in  some  families  of  moths. 

The  head  is  of  medium  size,  with  the  front  smooth  and  vertical 
in  some  species  but  more  or  less  conical  in  others.  The  labial 
palpi  are  either  porrect  or  curved  upward  and  closely  scaled,  or 
more  or  less  bushy.  The  maxillary  palpi  are  entirely  wanting. 
The  proboscis  is  about  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  and  not 
clothed  with  scales  at  the  base.  The  eyes  are  nearly  hemispher- 
ical, naked  and  without  lashes  or  cilia.  The  ocelli  are  absent. 
The  scales  of  the  head  lie  smooth  over  the  surface,  giving  it  an 
even  appearance ;  but  in  some  species  they  form  a  more  or  less 
cone-shaped  tuft,  extending  forward  from  the  front.  The  antennae 
are  fine  filiform,  and  about  two- thirds  as  long  as  the  costa  of  the 
fore  wings.  The  basal  segment  is  much  larger  than  those  beyond, 


11 

and  covered  with  scales  which  sometimes  form  a  pointed  tuft  at 
the  end.  The  remaining  segments  are  finely  ciliated,  those  in  the 
males  being  stronger  than  in  the  females. 

The  thorax  is  of  medium  size,  and  its  covering  of  scales  smooth 
without  any  indication  of  tufts  or  other  characters.  The  tegulae 
are  of  medium  length,  without  long  scales,  hairs  or  other  unusual 
characters.  The  abdomen  is  long  and  slim,  of  nearly  uniform  size 
throughout  in  the  male,  but  somewhat  fusiform  in  the  female. 
The  genitalia  of  the  male  consist  of  a  pair  of  long,  comparatively 
thin  and  broad  exserted  claspers  and  a  prominent  uncus. 

The  legs  are  long  and  slim  with  cylindrical  segments,  except  the 
femora,  which  are  somewhat  compressed.  The  coxae  are  about  as 
long  as  the  thorax  and  stouter  than  the  remaining  segments  of  the 
legs.  The  fore  tibiae  have  a  tibial  epiphysis  on  the  inside  near  the 
end,  the  middle  tibiae  have  a  pair  of  unequal  spurs  at  the  end, 
while  the  hind  tibiae  have  a  pair  of  unequal  spurs  at  the  end  and  a 
similar  pair  at  the  outer  third.  The  tarsi  consist  of  five  segments 
with  a  pair  of  claws  at  the  end.  There  are  no  spines  on  any  of 
the  segments  of  the  legs,  but  they  are  covered  by  scales  that  lie 
smooth  and  close  to  the  surface.  In  some  species,  however,  the 
scales  are  raised,  forming  an  enlarged  ring  around  the  middle  and 
hind  legs  at  the  base  of  the  spurs,  and  a  similar  ring  occurs  around 
the  end  of  the  fore  tibiae.  In  one  species  (monodactylus)  there  is 
a  small  tuft  of  scales  on  the  hind  tibiae,  opposite  and  within  the 
middle  spurs  (Plate  I.,  figs.  11,  12).  This  character  is  very  use- 
ful in  determining  this  exceedingly  variable  and  common  species. 

The  ground  color  of  the  Pterophoridae  is  generally  white,  yellow- 
ish white  or  some  shade  of  brown,  occasionally  without  darker 
markings,  though  the  fore  wings  most  frequently  have  a  dark  tri- 
angular spot  resting  on  the  costa  and  extending  down  to  a  point 
just  within  the  end  of  the  fissure.  One  or  two  light  lines  cross  the 
lobes  obliquely,  and  there  is  a  dark  spot  on  the  cell  a  little  before 
the  middle  of  the  wing  and  another  on  the  fold  still  nearer  the  base 
of  the  wing.  The  hind  wings  are  of  one  uniform  color,  and  seldom 
have  spots  or  lines  of  other  colors. 

HABITS. 

The  usual  time  of  flight  is  on  warm,  calm  evenings,  when  they 
are  occasionally  attracted  to  light  and  rarely  to  sugar.  They  may, 
however,  be  easily  u  flushed"  in  the  day  time  from  the  shrubbery, 
when  they  fly  a  short  distance  and  alight.  When  at  rest  they  hold 
their  wings  nearly  horizontal  and  at  right  angles  with  the  body, 


12 

but  the  feathers  of  the  hind  wings  are  folded  over  each  other  and 
drawn  under  the  fore  wings. 

EARLY  STAGES. 

I  am  not  aware  that  anything  is  known  of  the  egg-stage  of  any 
of  our  North  American  plume-moths,  and  if  any  thing  has  been 
published  on  this  stage,  I  have  overlooked  it.  In  the  European 
species,  so  far  as  I  have  seen  any  descriptions,  they  are  more  or 
less  oval  in  outline,  smooth  and  of  a  pale-green  color. 

The  larvae  are  short  and  stout,  pale  green,  with  longitudinal 
stripes  of  other  colors  in  some  species,  and  one  or  more  coarse  or 
fine  hairs  arise  from  tubercles  on  the  segments.  The  pupae  are 
formed  above  ground,  and  attached  by  the  anal  extremity.  Some 
species  are  hairy,  while  others  are  naked ;  and  they  sometimes 
have  a  pair  of  prominent  tubercles  arising  from  the  back. 

It  is  not  known  positively  whether  any  of  our  North  American 
species  have  more  than  one  generation  in  a  season ;  but  so  little 
is  known  about  them  that  we  cannot  speak  with  any  certainty  on 
this  point.  Acantlwdactyla  and  monodactyla  are  said  to  have  two 
generations  in  a  year  in  Europe,  and  very  likely  this  is  true  here, 
at  least  in  some  parts  of  the  country. 

SYSTEMATIC  POSITION. 

Linnaeus  placed  these  insects  at  the  end  of  the  Lepidoptera, 
after  the  Tineina,  and  he  was  followed  by  later  writers  till  a  little 
more  than  twenty-five  years  ago,  when  it  began  to  dawn  upon 
those  who  were  working  upon  these  insects  that  they  were  out  of 
place.  At  first  the  matter  was  talked  over,  but  it  was  some  time 
before  any  one  seemed  to  be  willing  to  express  such  an  apparent 
heterodox  opinion  in  print.  Dr.  Jordan,  however,  in  1869  (Ent. 
Mon.  Mag.,  Vol.  VI.,  p.  152),  expressed  the  opinion  that  these 
insects  form  "  an  aberrant  group  of  the  Pyralidae."  A  few  years 
ago,  entomologists,  both  in  this  country  and  England,  in  making 
critical  studies  on  the  early  stages  as  well  as  on  -the  imago  of  the 
Lepidoptera,  quite  revolutionized  the  order,  not  only  with  regard 
to  the  position  of  the  families,  but  also  with  regard  to  the  names. 
I  am  heartily  in  sympathy  with  this  movement,  and,  if  I  do  not 
always  adopt  the  changes  at  once,  it  is  because  I  have  not  had  time 
to  study  them  carefully  and  convince  myself  that  they  are  right. 

The  genus  Chrysocorys  has  been  placed  among  the  Pterophoridae 
by  several  of  the  English  entomologists,  and  Zeller  established  the 
genus  Scoptonoma  for  two  Texan  species,  placing  it  in  this  family ; 


13 

but  this  genus  is  identical  with  Lineodes  Gnen.,  which  both  he 
and  Lederer  very  properly  placed  among  the  Pyralids.  If  these 
two  genera  be  removed,  we  have  rather  a  compact  group,  which 
may  be  placed  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Pyralids,  in  my  opinion. 

CHARACTERS  OF  THE  PTEROPHORID^E. 

Long,  slim  insects,  with  long  legs.  Fore  wings  usually  with 
one  fissure  and  hind  wings  with  two.  The  North  American 
species,  so  far  as  known,  have  fissured  wings.  Proboscis  and 
labial  palpi  well  developed.  Maxillary  palpi  and  ocelli  absent. 
Fore  wings  with  vein  Ib  either  simple  or  with  a  short  fork  at  the 
base;  Ic  present,  4  and  5  remote  at  the  base,  8  and  9  stalked  or 
fused.  Hind  wings  above  without  a  row  of  hairs  along  the  basal 
part  of  the  median  vein;  la  usually  absent,  4  and  5  remote  at  the 
base,  6  and  7  remote,  7  and  8  approach  very  near  each  other  near 
the  middle  of  the  wing. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  GENERA. 

e  Hind  wings  with  a  cluster  of  black  scales  in  the  fringe  of  the 
1       :      third  feather,   .        .        .        .        ....        .        .      2. 

i  Hind  wings  without  a  cluster  of  black  scales  in  the  fringe  of 
^     the  third  feather,     .        .        ;-      ...        .        .        .     4. 

t  Anal  angle  present  in  second  lobe  of  fore  wings,     ...      3. 
(  Anal  angle  absent  in  second  lobe  of  fore  wings,      .    Trichoptilus. 
Anal  angle  absent  in  first  lobe  of  fore  wings,  .        .         Oxyptilus. 
Anal  angle  present  in  first  lobe  of  fore  wings,         .      Platyptilia. 
^  Feathers  of  hind  wings  similar  and  tapering  uniformly,     Alucita. 
\  Feathers  of  hind  wings  unlike  in  form,     .        ...        .     5. 

c  Anal  angle  present  on  first  lobe  of  fore  wings,         .      Stenoptilia. 
)  Anal  angle  absent  on  first  lobe  of  fore  wings, .        .    Pterophorus. 


GENUS  TRICHOPTILUS  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.  (1880). 

Front  neither  extended  nor  tufted,  vertex  smooth.  Antennae 
pubescent;  palpi  slightly  ascending;  second  and  third  segments 
nearly  equal  in  length,  the  former  a  little  thickened  with  scales, 
especially  towards  the  outer  end,  the  latter  filiform.  Tibiae 
thickened  with  scales  at  the  origin  of  the  spurs.  Fissure  of  the 
fore  wings  extending  in  a  little  more  than  half  their  length,  the 
lobes  being  very  slender,  diverging,  and  without  the  anal  angle  on 
either.  Hind  wings  with  the  fissure  between  the  first  and  second 
feathers  reaching  within  one-fourth  of  their  base,  while  the  second 
fissure  reaches  nearly  to  the  base  of  the  wing.  All  the  feathers 


14 

are  very  slender,  almost  filiform,  and  there  is  a  cluster  of  black 
scales  in  the  fringe  near  the  middle  of  the  hind  margin  of  the 
third  feather. 

This  genus  was  established  by  Lord  Walsingham  on  a  single 
species,  pygmceus,  of  which  his  lordship  took  three  specimens  near 
Milville,  in  Shasta  County,  California,  on  the  llth  of  July,  1871, 
one  of  which  with  his  characteristic  generosity  he  gave  me.  As 
this  single  co-type  is  all  I  have,  I  do  not  feel  like  injuring  it  to 
study  the  venation  or  genitalia.  Mr.  Meyrick,  in  his  "Hand- 
book of  British  Lepidoptera,"  has  given  the  venation  of  the  fore 
wings  probably  of  T.  paludum  Z.  as  follows  :  2  out  of  4  or  absent, 
3  absent,  7  and  9  absent,  10  from  near  8  or  absent,  11  from  near  8. 

Hofmann  gives  a  description  of  the  male  genitalia  and  a  figure 
of  a  paramere  of  T.  paludum.  He  states  that  the  genitalia  of  the 
male  are  distinguished  by  the  remarkable  form  of  the  claspers, 
which  are  long  and  narrow,  hollow  within,  and  with  a  broad,  bell- 
shaped,  bristly  appendage.  The  tenth  dorsal  plate  is  obtusely 
triangular,  arched  and  bent  down  at  the  end.  The  ninth  dorsal 
and  ventral  plates  offer  nothing  especially  worthy  of  remark. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  SPECIES. 

Expanse  of  wings,  10  mm.  or  less,        .        .  pygmceus. 

Expanse  of  wings,  17  mm.,    ....  ochrodactylus. 

Expanse  of  wings,  20  mm.,    .        .        .        .  lobidactylus. 


TRICHOPTILUS  PYGMJEUS. 

Trichoptilus  pygmceus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  64, 
Plate  III.,  fig.  15  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  10  mm.  Head  and  thorax  pale  fawn  color; 
antennae  slightly  pubescent,  marked  above  with  fawn  brown  and 
white  alternately;  palpi  whitish  touched  with  fawn  color.  Ab- 
domen whitish,  with  a  tinge  of  fawn  color  on  the  sides  and  above 
posteriorly.  Legs  white,  dotted  and  barred  above  with  fawn 
brown ;  spurs  white,  and  at  their  origin  the  legs  are  thickened 
with  fawn  brown  scales,  among  which  project  some  which  are 
white  and  almost  erect.  Fore  wings  very  pale  fawn  color,  dusted 
with  fuscous  brown  scales  along  the  costa,  especially  above  the 
base  of  the  fissure  and  near  the  base  of  the  hind  margin.  Two 
indistinct  white  stripes  cross  the  lobes  of  the  fore  wings,  one 
beyond  and  the  other  before  the  middle^  cutting  the  fawn-colored 
fringes  on  each  side.  Hind  wings  pale  grayish  brown,  with 


15 

cinereous  fringes  interrupted  with  white  behind  and  at  the  apex. 
The  third  feather  has  long  cinereous  fringes  interrupted  with  white 
at  the  apex,  and  there  is  a  cluster  of  dark  scales  slightly  beyond 
the  middle  in  the  fringe  of  the  hind  margin. 

Habitat.  —  Shasta  County,  California.  Early  stages  and  food 
plant  unknown. 

TRICHOPTILUS  OCHRODACTYLUS. 
Trichoptilus  ochrodactylus  Fish,  Can.  Ent.,  Vol.  XHL,  p.  142  (1881). 

Expanse  of  wings,  17  mm.  Head  and  anterior  part  of  the 
thorax  pale  ochreous.  Antennae  with  a  longitudinal  brown  line 
above,  bordered  by  a  fine  white  line  on  each  side,  pale  ochreous 
beneath.  Posterior  part  of  thorax  and  abdomen  light  cream  color, 
the  latter  nearly  pure  white  beneath.  Legs  white,  striped  longi- 
tudinally with  pale  brownish  ochreous ;  posterior  tibiae  with  a 
band  of  raised  ochreous  scales  before  each  pair  of  spurs.  Fore 
wings  pale  ochreous,  approaching  to  cream  color,  with  a  very  light 
brownish  tinge  on  the  first  lobe.  A  minute  brown  spot  at  the 
base  of  the  first  lobe  reaches  from  the  end  of  the  fissure  half  way 
to  the  costa.  Costal  fringe  of  the  first  lobe  brownish  ochreous, 
with  a  longitudinal  white  spot  at  the  basal  third,  another  at  the 
outer  third  and  a  smaller  one  just  before  the  apex.  Fringe  of  the 
fissure  ochreous  and  tinged  with  brown  just  beyond  the  middle, 
and  there  are  some  white  hairs  near  the  apices.  Fringe  of  hind 
margin  pale  ochreous,  with  a  white  patch  near  the  middle  of  the 
second  lobe,  beyond  which  the  fringe  is  rather  dark  brownish, 
with  a  streaklet  of  white  near  the  apex.  Hind  wings  pale  brown, 
with  the  fringes  slightly  paler.  The  third  feather  has  a  cluster  of 
dark-brown  scales  in  the  hind  fringe,  just  beyond  the  middle,  and 
a  row  of  club-shaped  white  scales  extends  from  this  to  the  base 
of  the  wing. 

Habitat.  — Texas.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 


TRICHOPTILUS  LOBIDACTYLUS. 

Pterophorus  lobidactylus  Fitch,  N.  Y.  Rep.,  Vol.  I.,  p.  848  (1854). 
Aciptilus  californicus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal,  and  Ore.,  p.  60,  PI.  II., 
fig.  9  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  17-20  mm.  Head  grayish  brown,  with  a 
white  line  over  each  eye ;  palpi  whitish,  touched  with  brown  on  the 
outside  of  the  second  segment,  with  a  long,  slim  tuft  at  the  outer 
end  beneath,  of  nearly  the  same  size  and  length  as  the  slim  outer 


16 

segment,  which  is  dark  brown,  as  is  also  the  tuft  at  the  end  of  the 
second  segment.  Antennae  grayish  beneath,  blackish  above  and 
dotted  with  white.  Thorax  brown,  much  lighter  posteriorly. 
Abdomen  dark  brown,  with  diverging  white  lines  on  some  of  the 
segments.  Legs  striped  with  dark  brown  and  white,  with  a  tuft 
of  dark  scales  at  each  pair  of  spurs ;  tarsal  segments  white  at  the 
base  and  brown  at  the  outer  end. 

Fore  wings  with  the  fissure  extending  in  one-half  of  the  length 
of  the  wing,  dark  cinnamon  brown'.  An  oblique  stripe  of  pale 
yellow  or  white  crosses  the  basal  third  of  the  first  lobe,  cutting  the 
brown  fringe  on  each  side  of  the  lobe.  Traces  of  this  stripe  are 
sometimes  seen  on  the  second  lobe,  especially  in  the  fringe  on  the 
hind  margin.  There  are  also  indications  of  a  second  stripe  on 
the  outer  third  of  the  lobes,  as  shown  by  a  few  light  scales  and 
the  white  in  the  fringes,  which  are  dark  elsewhere  except  on  the 
apical  end  of  the  costa.  Hind  wings  and  fringes  dark  brown, 
with  a  cluster  of  black  scales  in  the  hind  fringe  a  little  beyond  the 
middle,  preceded  by  white,  and  the  fringe  at  the  apex  is  also 
white. 

I  have  carefully  compared  four  examples  of  californicus,  given 
me  by  Lord  Walsingham,  with  seven  eastern  examples  of  lobidac- 
tylus  Fitch,  and  can  see  no  difference  except  in  the  ground  color, 
which  is  considerably  lighter  in  the  former ;  but,  as  the  geuitalia 
are  absolutely  alike  in  both,  I  must  consider  californicus  only  as  a 
variety.  Lord  Walsingham  doubtfully  referred  this  species  to  the 
genus  Aciptilus,  but  it  seems  to  me  to  agree  better  with  the  char- 
acters of  Triclioptilus. 

Habitat. — Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  New  York,  Colorado, 
California.  Food,  Solidago  canadensis. 

I  have  been  informed  by  Mr.  Fish  that  Mr.  N.  Coleman  of  Ber- 
lin, Conn.,  has  bred  this  insect  from  this  plant. 


GENUS  OXYPTILUS  Zeller,  Isis,  Vol.  X.,  p.  765  (1841). 

Fron.t  smooth,  without  projection ;  labial  palpi  longer  than  the 
head,  ascending,  the  second  segment  with  appressecl  or  projecting 
scales  beneath,  sometimes  forming  a  short  tuft  at  the  apex,  ter- 
minal segment  filiform.  Legs  long  and  slim,  the  anterior  and 
middle  tibiae  thickened  with  scales  at  the  middle  and  end.  Fore 
wings  fissured  nearly  to  the  middle,  the  first  lobe  narrow,  curved 
somewhat  at  the  end  and  terminating  in  a  point  without  a  defined 
anal  angle.  Second  lobe  with  the  apex  somewhat  produced,  and 


17 

with  a  more  or  less  prominent  anal  angle.  Feathers  of  the  hind 
wing  narrow  and  pointed,  linear  and  without  anal  angles.  Vein  2 
arises  from  the  median  vein,  a  little  before  the  outer  end  of  the 
cell,  while  3  and  4  arise  from  a  short  stalk,  9  and  10  arise  one 
after  the  other  from  8,  and  11  arises  near  8  from  the  upper  angle 
of  the  cell.  In  the  hind  wing  the  costal  vein  terminates  near  the 
outer  third  of  the  costa ;  the  continuation  of  the  subcostal  runs 
through  the  middle  of  the  first  feather  and  ends  in  the  apex.  The 
median  vein  has  three  branches  the  third  of  which  ends  in  the  apex 
of  the  second  feather.  The  third  feather  with  a  single  strong 
vein  through  the  middle,  terminating  in  the  apex.  This  feather 
has  a  cluster  of  dark  scales  in  the  hind  fringe  beyond  the  middle. 
The  characters  of  the  male  genitalia  are  represented  in  Plate  VI., 
figs.  1-8. 

SYNOPSIS  OP  THE  SPECIES. 

General  color  tawny  yellow,  ....    periscelidactylus. 

General  color  light  reddish  brown,        .        .    delawaricus. 

General  color  dull  grayish  brown,         .        .    ningoris. 

General  color  dark  brown,     ....    tenuidactylus. 

OXYPTILUS   PERISCELIDACTYLUS. 

Pterophorus  periscelidactylus  Fitch,  N.  Y.  Rep.,  Vol.  I.,  p.  843  (1854). 
Pterophorus  periscelidactylus  Riley,  Mo.  Rep.,  Vol.  I.,  p.  137  (1869). 
Pterophorus  periscelidactylus  Riley,  Am.  Ent.,  Vol.  II.,  p.  234  (1870). 
Oxyptilus  periscelidactylus  Zell.,  Ent.  Zeit,  Vol.  XXXII.,  p.  178 

(1871). 

Pterophorus  periscelidactylus  Pack.,  Guide,  p.  356  (1872). 
Oxyptilus  periscelidactylus  Zell.,  Beitr.,  Part  2,  p.  119  (1873). 
Pterophorus  periscelidactylus  Saund.,  Can.  Ent.,  Vol.  V.,  p.  99  (1873). 
Oxyptilus  periscelidactylus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  25, 

PI.  II.,  fig.  5  (1880). 

Oxyptilus  periscelidactylus  Saund.,  Ins.  Inj.  Veg.,  p.  268  (1889). 
Oxyptilus  periscelidactylus  Comst,  Manual,  p.  238  (1895). 
Oxyptilus  periscelidactylus  Smith,  Econ.  Ent ,  p.  318  (1896). 

Expanse  of  wings,  14  to  29  mm.  Head,  thorax  and  fore  wings 
tawny  yellow.  Palpi  slim,  porrect  or  ascending,  reaching  as  high 
as  the  top  of  the  head,  white  touched  on  the  outside  of  second  and 
third  segments  with  tawny  yellow.  Antennae  dark  brown  beneath, 
white  above  and  dotted  with  white  along  each  side.  Posterior 
part  of  the  thorax  marked  in  some  specimens  with  white  on  the 
top  of  the  tegulae,  the  sides  and  two  longitudinal  stripes  on  the  top 
of  the  metathorax.  Abdomen  tawny  yellow,  marked  more  or  less 
imperfectly  with  a  white  stripe  along  each  side  and  also  on  each 


18 

side  of  the  dorsal  stripe,  except  on  the  third  segment,  which  is 
entirely  dark  tawny  brown.  Underside  white,  striped  with  tawny 
brown.  Fore  legs  white,  with  longitudinal  brown  lines  on  the 
femora  and  tibise ;  middle  and  hind  femora  white,  striped  with 
tawny ;  middle  tibise  tawny  on  the  outside,  also  a  tuft  of  scales 
on  the  middle  and  at  the  end  tawny ;  hind  tarsi  tawny  at  the  mid- 
dle and  end,  and  all  the  tarsi  are  marked  more  or  less  with  this 
color  at  the  end  of  the  segments. 

Fore  wings  fissured  nearly  to  the  middle,  tawny  yellow,  with 
two  oblique  white  stripes  crossing  the  lobes,  dividing  them  into 
nearly  equal  parts,  the  space  between  these  stripes  often  rusty 
brown,  a  transverse  white  spot  just  within  the  end  of  the  fissure 
is  edged  on  its  inner  side  with  rusty  brown,  the  posterior  end  often 
extending  outward  and  fusing  with  the  first  cross  line.  There  is 
usually  a  very  oblique  white  spot  on  the  cell  near  the  middle  of 
the  wing,  with  a  dark  dot  at  the  basal  end  of  it,  and  a  second 
white  spot  rests  on  the  hind  margin  at  the  basal  fourth  of  the 
wing.  The  fringes  of  the  two  lobes  are  whitish,  cut  by  blackish 
at  the  apex  and  anal  angle,  this  latter  on  the  second  lobe  extend- 
ing along  nearly  half  the  hind  border.  Hind  wings  rusty  brown, 
the  third  feather  white  in  the  middle  and  dark  brown  at  the  end, 
with  large  dark  scales  in  the  fringes  on  both  sides  of  this  part  of 
the  feather. 

Thirty-five  specimens  examined. 

Habitat.  — Maine  to  Missouri,  Ontario,  Quebec,  Texas.  Food, 
leaves  of  the  grape  vine. 

Larva.  —  Length,  about  12  mm.  Head  yellow,  with  the  mouth 
parts  brown.  Body  pale  greenish  yellow,  deeply  constricted 
between  the  segments.  Each  segment  has  a  transverse  row  of  ten 
moderately  sized  tubercles,  from  each  of  which  arises  a  cluster  of 
from  six  to  twelve  long,  whitish,  diverging  hairs,  besides  which, 
scattered  over  the  surface,  are  short  hairs  which  are  enlarged  at 
the  tip.  Legs  yellow,  long  and  slender. 

Pupa.  —  Length,  11  mm.  Diameter,  2  mm.  Front  obliquely 
truncated,  with  two  irregular  ridges  extending  up  over  the  truncate 
part  and  along  the  dorsum  on  either  side  of  the  median  line, 
diverging  towards  the  metathorax,  where  they  terminate  in  a  pair 
of  flattened,  sharp-pointed  projections,  about  as  high  as  two-thirds 
of  the  diameter  of  the  pupa.  The  ridges  are  higher,  and  toothed 
on  the  top  of  each  segment.  On  the  first  five  abdominal  segments 
there  is  a  row  of  short  spines  on  each  side,  in  line  with  the 
abdominal  projections.  These  spines  incline  forward,  and  on  the 


19 

posterior  side  is  a  small  tooth  and  two  short  diverging  club-shaped 
bristles.  The  pupae  attach  themselves  by  a  cluster  of  fine  hooks 
at  the  end  of  the  abdomen  to  a  button  of  silk  spun  by  the  cater- 
pillar before  pupating.  The  pupal  stage  lasts  about  a  week. 

So  far  as  I  can  learn,  nothing  is  known  of  the  egg  and  early 
larval  stages.  Both  Fitch  and  Riley  expressed  the  opinion  that 
there  were  two  generations  in  a  year,  but  it  has  not  been  observed. 
The  moths  are  on  the  wing  here  in  Amherst  during  the  latter  part 
of  June. 

OXYPTILUS   DELAWARICUS. 

Oxyptilus  Delawaricus  Zell.,  Verh.  z.-b.  Ges.  Wien,  XXIII., 

p.  318  (1873). 
Oxyptilus  delawaricus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  29,  PI. 

II.,  fig.  7  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  17  to  18  mm.  Head,  thorax  and  fore  wings 
light  reddish  brown.  Palpi  projecting  forward  about  the  length 
of  the  head,  acuminate,  lighter  beneath  and  at  the  tip,  the  second 
segment  tufted  beneath  at  the  end.  Antennas  fuscous,  dotted 
with  white  above.  Abdomen  reddish  brown  at  the  base,  yellowish 
white  beyond  and  indistinctly  marked  with  whitish  scales  and 
lines,  but  not  so  conspicuously  marked  as  tenuidactylus.r  Legs 
white,  barred  with  dark  brown. 

Fore  wings  with  a  few  whitish  scales  scattered  along  the  costa, 
which  is  slightly  shaded  with  fuscous  beyond  the  middle.  There 
is  a  faint  brown  spot  on  the  cell  before  the  middle,  and  an 
indistinct  pale  spot  on  the  basal  fourth  of  the  hind  margin.  Two 
oblique  white  stripes  cross  the  first  lobe,  dividing  it  into  thirds, 
the  outer  stripe  appearing  again  on  the  second  lobe,  while  only  a 
trace  of  the  inner  stripe  is  occasionally  seen  on  the  second  lobe, 
extending  along  to  the  inner  end  of  the  fissure,  which  is  edged 
with  white  and  dark  brown.  The  ground  color  of  the  lobes  is 
often  darker  than  the  rest  of  the  wing.  The  costal  fringe  from 
the  outer  white  stripe  to  the  apex  is  white,  that  within  the  fissure 
is  brown,  while  the  fringe  on  the  rest  of  the  second  lobe  is  white, 
cut  with  brown  at  the  apex,  and  from  the  anal  angle  along  the 
hind  margin  to  the  middle  of  the  lobe,  beyond  which  in  one  or  two 
places  black  scales  are  seen  in  the  white  fringe.  Hind  wings 
darker  brown  than  the  fore  wings,  and  with  the  usual  cluster  of 
black  scales  in  the  fringe,  near  the  apex  of  the  third  feather. 
Nine  specimens  examined. 

Habitat.  —  Canada,  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  California. 
Early  stages  andfood  plant  unknown. 


20 


OXYPTILUS  NINGORIS. 

Oxyptilus  ningoris  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  26,  PI.  II., 
fig.  6  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  15  to  20  mm.  Head  and  thorax  dark  gray- 
ish brown.  Palpi  clothed  with  close  scales,  second  segment 
untufted.  Antennae  brownish,  dotted  with  white  above.  Abdo- 
men grayish  white  at  the  base,  brownish  fuscous  beyond,  with 
three  pairs  of  slender  white  streaks  diverging  from  the  front  to  the 
back  of  each  of  the  anterior  segments ;  beyond  them  crossed  by 
lines  of  whitish  scales.  Legs  white  and  banded  with  brownish 
fuscous. 

Fore  wings  dull  grayish  brown,  sprinkled  with  whitish  scales 
along  the  costa,  with  two  oblique  white  stripes  across  the  lobes 
and  a  small  white  spot  at  the  end  of  the  fissure,  connected  with 
the  first  oblique  stripe  by  the  white  of  the  fringes,  which  beyond 
this  are  brownish,  except  on  the  outer  end  of  the  costa  of  the  first 
lobe  and  in  the  concave  outer  border  of  the  second  lobe,  where 
they  are  white.  There  is  also  an  inconspicuous  white  spot  on  the 
basal  fourth  of  the  hind  margin,  and  a  similar  ill-defined  spot  near 
the  middle  of  the  wing.  Hind  wings  brownish  fuscous,  the  first 
feather  barred  with  white  beneath  and  the  third  feather  widely 
barred  with  white  and  with  blackish  scales  in  the  fringe  on  both 
sides  towards  the  outer  end.  Six  specimens  examined. 

Habitat.  —  California,  Oregon.  Early  stages  and  food  plant 
unknown. 

OXYPTILUS  TENUIDACTYLUS. 

Pterophorus  tenuidactylus  Fitch,  N.  Y.  Rep.,  Vol  I.,  p.  848  (1854). 
Oxyptilus  nigrociliatus  Zeller,  Verb.   z.-b.   Ges.  Wien,  XXIII., 

p.  322  (1873). 
Oxyptilus  nigrociliatus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and   Ore.,  p.  31,  Plate 

II.,  fig.  8  (1880). 
Oxyptilus  delavaricus  Forbes,  3d  111.  Rep.,  p.  91,  Plate  X.,  fig.  2 

(1885). 
Oxyptilus  nigrociliatus  Saund.,  In).  Ins.,  p.  314,  figs.  326-7  (1889). 

Expanse  of  wings,  12  to  15  mm.  Head  and  thorax  dark  tawny 
brown,  with  a  tinge  of  coppery  red ;  posterior  part  of  the  thorax 
white.  Palpi  ascending,  reaching  above  the  top  of  the  head, 
slender,  not  tufted.  Antennae  black,  dotted  with  white  above. 
Abdomen  of  the  same  color  as  the  wings,  with  two  diverging 
white  lines  on  the  top  of  the  third  segment,  and  the  fifth  strongly 


21. 

marked  with  white  above  except  in  the  middle  line.  Legs  white 
and  banded  with  dark  brown. 

Fore  wings  dark  tawny  brown,  with  a  tinge  of  coppery  red  in 
certain  lights.  Two  oblique  white  stripes  cross  the  lobes,  the 
inner  one  being  the  wider,  and  both  more  or  less  indistinct  or 
wanting  on  the  second  lobe.  There  is  a  faint  indication  of  a 
white  spot  near  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  a  similar  one  at  the 
inner  end  of  the  fissure.  Fringes  white  on  the  apical  part  of  the 
costa  and  on  the  outer  margin,  cut  with  blackish  at  the  apex  and 
anal  angle  of  each  lobe,  and  also  blackish  in  the  fissure  and  on 
the  outer  part  of  the  hind  margin  of  the  second  lobe.  Hind  wings 
of  the  same  color  as  the  fore  wings,  with  the  first  feather  barred 
with  white  beneath  and  the  third  feather  white  in  the  middle, 
beyond  which  the  fringe  on  both  sides  is  thickened  by  heavy  black 
scales.  Fifty-eight  specimens  examined. 

I  have  before  me  one  specimen  from  the  National  Museum, 
labelled,  in  Zeller's  handwriting,  "  Oxyptil.  nigrociliatus  Z.,  N. 
Am."  It  also  has  a  printed  label,  "  Collection  C.  V.  Riley,"  and 
therefore  it  is  probable  that  this  specimen  was  determined  by  Zeller 
himself.  I  also  have  two  specimens  given  me  by  Lord  Walsing- 
ham  which  he  took  in  California.  Although  Professor  Zeller  de- 
clared Lord  Walsingham's  Californian  specimens  to  be  identical 
with  his  nigrociliatus,  yet,  because  of  the  lighter  color  of  the  Cali- 
fornian specimens,  his  lordship  wrote  :  "  It  is  open  to  question  how 
far  the  two  forms  may  be  entitled  to  be  considered  distinct ;  but  I 
must  leave  it  to  be  decided  by  some  one  who  has  a  more  extended 
series  of  the  undoubted  tenuidactylus  to  refer  to."  I  have  the  types 
of  Fitch  in  my  possession,  and  there  are  two  specimens  of  tenui- 
dactylus, one  of  which  is  a  male,  from  which  the  figures  of  the 
genitalia  on  Plate  VI.  were  drawn.  I  have  carefully  compared 
this  with  the  genitalia  of  the  Californian  specimens,  as  well  as 
other  eastern  specimens,  and  find  that  there  is  absolutely  no  dif- 
ference. There  is,  therefore,  no  doubt  that  Lord  Walsingham 
was  correct  in  considering  nigrociliatus  the  same  as  tenuidactylus, 
and  that  his  Californian  specimens  are  light  varieties  of  the  same 
species.  I  have  a  specimen  from  Philadelphia  as  light  as  any  of 
my  Californian  specimens  received  from  Lord  Walsingham,  and 
one  taken  in  Whitman,  Mass.,  which  is  as  light  in  color  as  the 
lightest  specimen  from  California.  This,  with  many  others,  was 
taken  July  19,  18&1,  by  Mr.  J.  Elwyn  Bates,  who  found  them 
flying  around  blackberry  bushes  in  large  numbers. 

Habitat*  —  Massachusetts,    New   York,    Delaware,    Maryland, 


.22 

West  Virginia,  Illinois,  Ontario,  Colorado,  California.  Food, 
blackberry.  This  species  has  been  bred  from  blackberry  by  Prof. 
William  Saunders  and  also  by  Prof.  S.  A.  Forbes. 

'<•  About  the  middle  of  June  the  larva  reaches  full  growth,  when 
it  is  about  four-tenths  of  an  inch  long,  of  a  pale  greenish-yellow 
color,  streaked  with  pale  yellow,  and  with  transverse  rows  of 
shining  tubercles,  from  each  of  which  arise  from  two  to  six 
spreading  hairs  of  a  yellowish-green  color.  The  head  is  small, 
pale  green,  with  a  faint  brown  dot  on  each  side. 

"  When  the  larva  is  about  to  change  to  a  chrysalis,  it  spins  a 
loose  web  of  silk  on  a  leaf  or  other  suitable  spot,  to  which  the 
chrysalis  is  attached.  This  is  less  than  three-tenths  of  an  inch 
long,  pointed  behind,  enlarging  gradually  towards  the  front, 
where,  near  the  end,  it  slopes  abruptly  to  the  tip.  Its  color  is 
pale  green,  with  a  line  along  the  back  of  a  deeper  shade,  margined 
on  each  side  with  a  whitish  ridge ;  it  is  also  more  or  less  hairy. 
In  about  a  week  or  ten  days  the  chrysalis  changes  to  a  darker 
color,  shortly  after  which  the  perfect  insect  escapes."  (Saunders.) 

GENUS  PLATYPTILIA  Hiib.,  Verz.  bek.  Schm.,  p.  429  (1826). 

Front  with  a  conical  projection,  covered  by  a  longer  or  shorter 
tuft  of  scales.  Labial  palpi  long,  slim,  porrect  or  slightly  ascend- 
ing, closely  scaled,  the  third  segment  filiform  and  shorter  than  the 
second.  Legs  long  and  slim,  the  tibia?  with  darker  scales  and 
sometimes  thickened  at  the  end  and  also  in  the  middle  of  the  hind 
tibiae. 

Fore  wings  fissured  about  one-third  of  their  length,  the  lobes, 
especially  the  second,  wider  at  the  outer  end  than  at  the  base, 
each  with  a  distinct  anal  angle,  the  first  falcate  and  the  second 
convex  on  the  outer  margin.  The  cell  is  nearly  rectangular  at  the 
outer  end,  and  veins  5  and  6,  as  well  as  the  cross  vein,  are  very 
weak.  Two  internal  veins  are  present.  Vein  2  arises  from  the 
outer  third  of  the  median  vein  and  ends  in  or  near  the  anal  angle 
of  the  second  lobe,  while  vein  3  ends  in  the  middle  and  4  in  the 
apex  of  the  same  lobe.  Vein  7  arises  a  little  below  the  anterior 
angle  of  the  cell  and  ends  in  or  near  the  anal  angle  of  the  first 
lobe;  8  and  9  are  from  a  stalk  which  arises  from  the  anterior 
angle  of  the  cell,  and  8  ends  in  the  apex,  while  9  ends  in  the 
costa;  10  and  11  are  somewhat  remote  from  each  other  and  from 
the  stalk  of  8  and  9.  The  first  feather  of  the  hind  wings  has  a 
blunt  apex,  and  is  wider  towards  the  outer  end  than  at  the  base. 
Veins  7  and  8  arise  separately  from  the  base  of  the  wing,  approach 


23 

very  near  to  each  other  at  the  basal  third  and  end  at  the  widest 
part  of  the  feather,  one  in  the  costa  a  little  before  the  apex,  and 
the  other  in  the  outer  margin  behind  the  apex.  The  second 
feather  has  an  acute  apex  and  a  distinct  anal  angle ;  and  vein  3, 
arising  a  little  before  the  end  of  the  cell,  ends  in  the  anal  angle, 
while  4  arises  from  the  end  of  the  cell  and  ends  in  the  apex  of  this 
feather.  The  third  feather  is  narrow  and  tapers  gradually  to  the 
apex,  but  there  is  usually  a  slight  enlargement  indicating  the  anal 
angle  near  the  middle  of  the  hind  margin.  A  cluster  of  black 
scales  more  or  less  pronounced  occurs  in* the  fringe  of  the  hind 
margin.  One  internal  vein  runs  through  the  middle  of  this  feather 
and  a  second  terminates  at  the  end  of  the  second  fissure. 

The  characters  of  the  genitalia  are  represented  in  plates  V., 
VII.  and  VIII. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  SPECIES. 

j      J  Palpi  and  frontal  tuft  much  longer  than  head,       marginidactyla. 
f  Palpi  and  frontal  tuft  not  longer  than  head,    .        .        .        .2. 

2  (  With  a  dark  triangle  on  the  outer  third  of  costa,    .";.".        .3. 
c  Without  a  dark  triangle  on  the  outer  third  of  costa,       .        .     13. 

3  <  Cluster  of  dark  scales  in  the  middle  of  fringe  of  third  feather,      4. 
c  Cluster  of  dark  scales  beyond  the  middle,       .        .        .        .     10. 

4  <  Hind  tibiae  white,  banded  with  dark  near  middle  and  end,    .      5. 
i  Hind  tibise  without  these  characters,       .        .        ...      6. 

,,      ^  More  than  half  the  space  between  spurs  white,      .  carduidactyla. 
\  Less  than  half  the  space  between  spurs  white,       .  percnodactyla. 

g     <  Ground  color  of  fore  wings  pale  fawn, 7. 

(  Ground  color  of  fore  wings  whitish, 8. 

„     J  Expanse  of  wings  36  mm., grandis. 

\  Expanse  of  wings  20  mm.,        .        .        .        ..•••'.        .   fragilis. 

C  Expanse  of  wings  30  mm.,'      .        *        .        .        .      albidorsella. 
8«    <  Expanse  of  wings  20  mm.,       .  .     ...        .        .      ...  .      shastce. 

^Expanse  of  wings  25  mm.,       .,..,..        .        .      9. 

g     J  Costa  black  between  stripes  on  first  lobe,       .        .        orihocarpi. 
\  Costa  not  black  between  stripes  on  first  lobe,         .        .      albida. 

^Q      <  Fore  wings  reddish  fuscous, 11. 

c  Fore  wings  pale  gray  marked  with  black,      *        .        .        .12. 

. ,      J  Markings  dark  brown, acantfiodactyla. 

(  Markings  light  brown, edwardsii. 

12      \  Thorax  white, pica,. 

c  Thorax  gray,    ........   cosmodactyla,. 

.o      S  First  lobe  with  two  light  cross  lines  or  stripes,        .        .        .14. 
(  First  lobe  without  cross  lines  or  stripes,          .        .        .        .15. 

(Costa  cinnamon  brown,  hind  margin  white,    .        .        .  albicans. 
...      j  Fore  wings  white  shaded  with  brownish  scales  at  base  and 

1      costa, petrodactyla. 

^  Fore  wings  brownish  gray, lesser adacty la. 


24 

15     <  Fore  wings  cinereous,     '.        *        .        .        .        .  .  modesta. 
5  Fore  wings  cinnamon  brown,  ..'...»     r  • 

J  Second  segment  of  palpi  enlarged  with  scales,       .  albiciliata. 

(  Second  segment  of  palpi  not  enlarged  with  scales,  .      adusta. 


PLATYPTILIA  PICA. 
Amblyptilus  pica  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  21,  Plate  II.,  fig.  1  (1880) . 

I  have  never  seen  this  species,  and  therefore  repeat  Lord  Wal- 
singham's  description :  — 

u  Head  and  palpi  cinereous,  dusted  with  white  scales.  Antennae 
cinereous,  faintly  dotted  with  whitish  above.  The  thorax  white 
touched  with  cinereous  above  and  at  the  sides,  with  two  black 
spots  behind. 

"  Fore  wings  white,  dusted  with  cinereous  along  their  costal  half 
before  the  fissure ;  the  costa  fuscous,  dotted  with  white  ;  a  blackish 
spot  before  the  middle  of  the  wing  touching  the  costal  shade ; 
another  nearer  to  the  base  below  it ;  a  blackish  fuscous,  triangular, 
costal  patch  before  the  fissure,  followed  by  a  conspicuous  white 
space,  beyond  which  is  a  fuscous  shade,  crossing  both  lobes,  di- 
vided by  a  white  line  running  parallel  to  the  apical  margin,  on 
which  the  cilia  are  white,  dotted  with  some  fuscous.  The  dorsal 
half  of  the  wing  is  less  shaded  or  dusted  than  the  costal,  and  con- 
tains two  short,  oblique,  blackish  dashes  near  the  middle,  the 
second  being  followed  by  a  straight  streak  of  brownish  fuscous 
scales  running  parallel  to  the  dorsal  margin.  The  cilia  on  the 
dorsal  margin  are  white,  with  two  distinct  tooth-like  tufts  of  black 
scales ;  the  cilia  within  the  fissure  are  fuscous. 

' '  Hind  wings  fuscous  brown,  with  cilia  of  all  the  lobes  the 
same  color,  except  on  the  dorsal  margin  of  the  third,  where  they 
are  white,  irrorated  with  black  scales  along  the  basal  half,  and 
bearing  a  conspicuous  projecting  triangular  tuft  of  black  scales 
beyond  the  middle,  and  a  few  more  below  the  apex  of  the  lobe. 

"  The  abdomen  is  white  above  and  beneath,  with  a  fuscous  line 
along  each  side,  which  also  crosses  it  above  near  the  base,  and 
again  below  the  middle.  The  third  pair  of  legs  are  annulated 
with  white  and  fuscous  brown,  the  bases  of  the  white  spurs  being 
also  fuscous.  Expanse,  23  mm. 

"It  is  allied  to  A.  acanthodactylus  and  A.  cosmodactylus  of 
Huebner." 

Habitat.  —  California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 


25 


PLATYPTILIA  COSMODACTYLA  . 

Alucila  Cosmodactyla  Hub.,  Aluc  ,  Plate  VII.,  figs.  35,  36  (1825). 
Amblyptilus  cosmodactylus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  23, 
Plate  II.,  figs.  2-4  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  18-21  mm.  Head,  thorax  and  fore  wings 
pale  gray,  finely  striated  with  black ;  a  triangular  black  spot  on 
the  outer  third  of  the  costa,  followed  by  a  small  white  costal  spot, 
which  is  in  turn  followed  by  a  broad  black  band  edged  on  the 
outside  with  white,  which  crosses  the  lobes  diagonally.  On  the 
second  lobe  the  white  cuts  a  dark  basal  portion  twice  at  equal 
distances ;  costa  of  the  wing  dark  gray  with  a  series  of  white 
dots.  Fringes  blackish  basally,  white  externally.  Hind  wings 
dark  grayish  brown,  with  a  large  cluster  of  black  scales  beyond 
the  middle  of  the  fringe  of  the  third  feather,  and  a  small  black 
cluster  on  the  apex. 

Habitat.  —  Europe,  California,  Oregon.  Food,  Stachys,  Aquile- 
gia,  Geranium,  Orthocarpus.  "  Larva,  from  pale  green  to  purplish 
pink ;  dorsal  line  dark  gray ;  subdorsal  white,  conspicuous  ;  lateral 
and  spiracular  whitish,  interrupted ;  head  dark  reddish  fuscous, 
almost  black."  (Meyrick.) 

PLATYPTILIA  ACANTHODACTYLA. 
Alucita  Acanthodactyla  Hub.,  Aluc.,  Plate  V.,  figs.  23,  24  (1825). 

Expanse  of  wings,  18-21  mm.  Head,  thorax  and  fore  wings 
reddish  fuscous,  marked  very  similarly  to  cosmodactyla,  but  may 
be  separated  by  the  ground  color  of  the  fore  wings. 

Habitat.  —  Europe,  South  Africa,  New  York.  Food,  Stachys, 
Mentha,  Ononis,  Calamintha,  Pelargonium  and  Euphrasia. 

I  have  a  single  specimen  of  this  species,  taken  at  West  Farms, 
N.  Y.,  by  Mr.  James  Angus. 

"  Larva  from  pale  green  to  deep  purple ;  dorsal  line  dark  gray ; 
subdorsal,  lateral,  and  sometimes  spiracular  whitish,  interrupted ; 
head  yellow  gray  or  yellowish  brown,  blackish-marked."  (Mey- 
rick. ) 

PLATYPTILIA  EDWARDSII. 
Platyptilus  Edwardsii  Fish,  Can.  Ent,  Vol.  XIII.,  p.  72  (1881). 

Expanse  of  wings,  22-27  mm.  Head  and  thorax  ochreous 
brown;  frontal  tuft  short  and  blunt,  brown  above,  whitish  be- 
neath. Palpi  ascending,  extending  beyond  the  frontal  tuft ;  an- 


26 

tennae  finely  ciliated,  dotted  above  with  dark  scales,  cinereous 
beneath.  Abdomen  ochreous,  slender.  Legs  ochreous  brown, 
hind  tibiae  and  all  the  tarsi  paler. 

Fore  wings  reddish  brown,  darker  on  the  costa ;  triangular  cos- 
tal spot  dark  brown,  bordered  on  the  outside  by  whitish  scales. 
A  small  brown  spot  occurs  near  the  hind  margin  at  the  basal 
fourth,  another  near  the  costa  at  the  basal  third,  and  a  transverse 
white  line  at  the  apical  third  of  the  lobe.  The  first  lobe  with  a 
dark  longitudinal  spot  half-way  between  the  costa  and  hind  mar- 
gin ;  second  lobe  dark  at  the  anal  angle.  Fringes  whitish,  with  a 
patch  of  dark  scales  before  and  another  just  behind  the  apex  of 
the  costal  triangle.  Hind  wings  reddish  brown ;  fringes  brown, 
whitish  at  base  of  hind  margin  and  bearing  a  small  patch  of  dark 
scales  just  before  the  apex. 

Habitat.  — Maine,  Massachusetts.  Early  stages  and  food  plant 
unknown. 

PLATYPTILIA  CARDUIDACTYLA. 

Pterophorus  carduidactylus  Riley,  Mo.  Rep.,  Vol.  L,  p.  180, 

Plate  II.,  figs.  13, 14  (1869). 
Platyptilus  cardui  Zell.,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit,  Vol.  XXXII.,  p.  179 

(1871). 

Platyptilia  cardui  Zell.,  Beitr.,  p.  118  (1873). 
Platyptilus  cardui  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  7,  Plate  I., 

fig.  6  (1880). 
Platyptilus  cardui  Riley,  Gen.  Index  Ent.  Rep.  Mo.,  p.  83 

(1881). 

Expanse  of  wings,  23  mm.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  tawny 
yellow.  Legs  tawny  yellow,  except  the  tarsi,  which  are  nearly 
white,  spotted  with  dark  brown;  spurs  brown,  with  darker 
tips. 

Fore  wings  tawny  yellow,  fissure  extending  in  about  one-fourth 
of  the  length  of  the  wing ;  triangular  spot  dark  brown,  its  outer 
margin  slightly  concave ;  three  dark  diffuse  longitudinal  spots,  one 
on  the  basal  third  of  the  wing  near  the  costa,  one  near  the  hind 
margin,  nearer  the  base  than  the  latter,  and  one  on  the  outer  third 
of  the  hind  margin.  Two  paler  transverse  lines  cross  the  outer 
portion  of  the  wing,  one  bordering  the  triangular  spot  behind  and 
curving  across  the  lower  lobe  towards  the  anal  angle,  the  other 
very  near  and  parallel  to  the  outer  margin.  The  space  between 
these  two  lines  usually  darker  than  the  ground  color.  Fringes 
dark  basally,  whitish  outwardly  except  three  brown  patches  of 
scales,  one  in  the  middle  of  hind  margin,  one  on  the  anal  angle 


27 

and  a  smaller  one  half-way  between.  Hind  wings  ashy  brown. 
Fringes  concolorous,  with  a  patch  of  very  dark  scales  about  half- 
way on  hind  margin  of  third  feather,  and  a  few  scattering  scales 
about  half-way  between  that  and  the  base. 

Habitat.  —  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Illinois,  Missouri,  Texas, 
California,  Washington.  Food,  Thistle  (Cirsium  lanceolatum) . 

"Larva.  —  Average  length,  0.60.  Largest  in  the  middle  of  the 
body,  tapering  thence  each  way.  Color  light  straw  yellow,  greener 
when  young.  Somewhat  darker,  partly  translucent,  dorsal,  sub- 
dorsal,  and  stigmatal  lines.  Two  lateral  rows  of  black  spots,  the 
lower  spots  rather  smaller  and  placed  behind  the  upper  ones.  A 
third  row  above  these,  and  others  along  the  back,  but  so  small 
that  they  are  generally  imperceptible  with  the  naked  eye,  except 
on  the  thoracic  segments,  being  especially  distinct  on  segment  2. 
Head  small,  black,  sometimes  inclining  to  brown.  Cervical  shield 
black,  divided  longitudinally  in  the  middle  by  a  lighter  line.  Cau- 
dal plate  also  black.  Segment  11,  besides  the  spots  above  men- 
tioned, has  two  transverse  black  marks,  the  posterior  one  the 
largest.  Thoracic  legs  black,  the  others  of  the  same  color  as  the 
body. 

"Pupa. — Average  length,  0.45.  Soft,  dull  yellow,  with  a 
lateral  dusky  line  each  side  of  dorsum,  and  another,  less  distinct, 
each  side  of  venter.  Also  dusky  about  the  head  and  wing- 
sheaths."  (Riley.) 

PLATYPTILIA  PERCNODACTYLA. 

Platyptilus  percnodactylus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore,,  p.  8,  Plate  I., 
fig.  7  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  22  mm.  Head  and  thorax  pale  brown ;  an- 
tennae spotted  on  the  upper  side  with  white  and  brown.  Abdomen 
brownish,  paler  at  the  base.  Legs  whitish,  slender,  slightly  en- 
larged, and  tinged  with  brownish  at  the  end  of  the  segments. 
Spurs  pale. 

Fore  wings  pale  brown  with  much  paler  blotches,  one  reaching 
from  the  base  of  the  fissure  to  the  costa,  another  below  the  dark- 
brown  costal  triangle  and  another  at  the  base  of  the  costal  margin ; 
a  pale  streak  crosses  the  wing,  parallel  to  the  outer  margin,  which 
is  brownish ;  a  brown  line  at  the  base  of  the  fringes,  which  are 
brown  except  within  the  fissure  and  near  the  anal  angle ;  a  few 
brown  scales  near  the  middle  of  the  hind  margin.  Hind  wings 
brown,  the  third  feather  paler  than  the  others,  and  with  a  few 


28 

fuscous   scales  in   the   fringe   of   the  hind  margin   of   the   third 
feather. 

Habitat.  —  California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

PLATYPTILIA  SHAST^E. 

Platyptilus  shastce  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  14,  Plate  I.,  fig.  It 
(1880). 

As  I  have  no  example  of  this  species,  I  quote  Lord  Walsing- 
ham's  description :  — 

' <  Head  white ;  palpi  white,  touched  with  cinereous  at  the  sides ; 
antennae  dotted  above.  Thorax  dusted  with  cinereous. 

u  Fore  wings  narrow,  whitish,  dusted  with  cinereous  atoms, 
especially  along  the  costa ;  the  triangular  costal  patch  brown,  fol- 
lowed by  the  usual  pale  space ;  a  brown  line  along  the  base  of  the 
white  fringes ;  a  very  slender  whitish  line,  running  parallel  to  the 
apical  margin,  terminates  in  a  white  dash  on  the  costa,  reaching 
to  the  extreme  apex;  the  antemedian  dots  scarcely  indicated. 
Hind  wings  pale  cinereous,  the  third  lobe  perhaps  slightly  the 
lightest  in  color;  fringes  nearly  unicolorous,  pale  cinereous, 
scarcely  paler  at  their  bases.  Abdomen  yellowish  white.  The 
third  pair  of  legs  cinereous,  slightly  whitish  below  each  joint  and 
on  the  spurs  and  feet.  Expanse  20  mm." 

Habitat.  —  California. 

"  This  species  maybe  distinguished  by  its  slender  appearance 
and  narrow  fore  wings,  which  are  so  delicately  dusted  as  to  be  of 
almost  the  same  shade  as  the  pale  cinereous  hind  wings,  which 
separate  it  at  once  from  any  of  its  allies  now  described." 

PLATYPTILIA  FRAGILIS. 

Platyptilus  fragilis  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  16,  Plate  I.,  fig.  12 
(1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  19  mm.  Head  and  thorax  white,  sprinkled 
with  yellowish  scales ;  palpi  slightly  cinereous ;  abdomen  yellow- 
ish ;  legs  yellowish  white,  brownish  at  the  joints. 

Fore  wings  fawn  color  with  yellowish  tinge ;  the  two  antemedian 
spots  and  the  triangular  costal  patch  brown ;  outer  margin  brown- 
ish. Fringe  white  with  a  fine  brown  line  at  its  base.  Two  brown 
dashes  in  the  fringes  of  the  hind  margin  before  the  anal  angle. 
Hind  wings  very  pale  brownish  white  with  paler  fringes. 

Habitat.  —  California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 


29 


PLATYPTILIA  ORTHOCARPI. 

Platyptilus  orthocarpi  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  11,  Plate  I.,  fig.  9 
(1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  25  mm.  Head  and  thorax  whitish,  slightly 
tinged  with  ochreous ;  frontal  tuft  short.  Hind  legs  whitish, 
marked  with  fuscous  on  the  outside,  with  white  annulations  below 
each  segment ;  spurs  and  feet  white. 

Fore  wings  dusted  with  ochreous  and  brown  scales,  especially 
on  the  costa;  triangular  costal  patch  and  a  dash  at  the  end  of 
the  first  third  of  the  wing  very  dark  fuscous,  and  more  produced 
toward  the  apex  than  in  albida;  space  beyond  the  triangular  patch 
and  a  streak  parallel  to  the  outer  margin  white,  with  the  space 
between  them  brown.  Hind  wings  fuscous  brown;  fringes  fus- 
cous with  a  white  line  at  the  base. 

Habitat. — Oregon.     Food,  Orthocarpus. 

PLATYPTILIA  ALBIDA. 

Platyptilus  albidus  Wlsm,,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  10,  Plate  I ,  fig.  8 
(1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  24  mm.  Head  and  thorax  white,  with  a 
bluish  tinge.  Antennae  white  dotted  with  brown  above.  Abdo- 
men white  streaked  with  fuscous.  Hind  legs  dark  ashy  in  color ; 
spurs  and  feet  slightly  paler  on  the  inner  side. 

Fore  wings  bluish  white,  with  brownish  scales,  especially  along 
the  costa  to  the  brown  triangular  spot,  beyond  which  is  a  pale 
stripe  running  parallel  to  the  outer  margin  across  both  lobes  of  the 
wing ;  another  pale  line  near  the  outer  margin ;  the  space  between 
these  pale  lines  is  grayish  brown  except  near  the  costa,  where  it  is 
brownish ;  a  brown  stripe  between  this  and  the  fringes.  Two  in- 
distinct brown  spots  on  the  inner  half  of  the  wing,  the  lower  one 
much  nearer  the  base  than  the  upper  one;  a  brown  line  at  the 
base  of  the  fringe,  which  is  white  except  at  the  anal  angle.  Hind 
wings  brown ;  fringes  brown,  a  little  paler  on  the  hind  margin  of 
the  third  feather. 

Habitat.  —  Southern  Oregon,  California.  Early  stages  and 
food  plant  unknown. 


30 


PLATYPTILIA  ALBIDORSELLA. 

Platyptilus  albidorsellus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  13,   Plate  L, 
fig.  10  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  30  mm.  Head  and  thorax  white,  with  a  few 
scattered  fuscous  scales ;  frontal  tuft  short.  Legs  whitish  tinged 
with  cinereous  ;  feet  and  spurs  paler. 

Fore  wings  white,  thickly  sprinkled  with  brown,  forming  a 
widening  streak  from  the  base  of  the  wing  to  the  triangular  patch, 
beyond  which  it  is  paler  and  crossed  by  a  white  costal  patch  and  a 
white  line  near  the  outer  margin  and  parallel  to  it.  Fringes  ashy, 
with  a  brown  line  at  the  base.  Hind  wings  white,  thickly  dusted 
with  brown.  Fringes  paler  brown,  much  paler  at  the  base. 

Habitat.  — California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

PLATYPTILIA  GRANDIS. 
Platyptilus  grandis  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  6,  Plate  I ,  fig.  5  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  36  mm.  Head  and  thorax  pale  fawn  color; 
antennae  brownish  fawn  color,  spotted  with  white  above ;  frontal 
tuft  fawn  color,  shorter  than  in  allied  species.  Legs  very  pale, 
the  hind  tibse  with  their  extremities  darker. 

Fore  wings  pale  fawn  color,  with  the  costa  and  triangular  blotch 
fuscous;  two  brownish,  elongated  dots  near  the  middle  of  the 
wing,  the  larger  one  nearer  the  base.  The  lobes  are  crossed  by  a 
pale  wavy  streak  parallel  and  near  .to  the  outer  margin ;  a  brown 
line  at  the  base  of  the  fringes,  which  are  dark  fuscous  except  near 
the  anal  angle,  where  they  are  pale.  Hind  wings  brownish  fawn 
color.  Fringes  pale  except  on  the  hind  margin  of  the  third  feather, 
where  they  are  brownish. 

Habitat.  —  California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

PLATYPTILIA  COOLEYI,  n.  s. 

Expanse  of  wings,  21-27  mm.  Head,  thorax  and  fore  wings 
yellowish  brown ;  a  darker  brown  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  cell, 
and  two  of  the  same  color,  one  above  the  other,  just  before  the 
end  of  the  cleft ;  the  upper  one  being  absent  in  some  specimens, 
while  in  others  they  are  joined,  forming  a  dark-brown  dash  across 
the  end  of  the  cell.  A  subterminal  whitish  stripe  occurs  on  the 
first  lobe.  Fringes  whitish,  with  a  sub-basal  line  concolorous  with 
the  wing.  Hind  wings  and  fringes  a  little  darker  than  the  fore 
wings.  Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 


31 

Described  from  seven  examples  taken  in  Marshall's  Pass,  Colo- 
rado, July  15,  1888,  and  one  taken  in  Colorado  by  Bruce.  None 
of  these  are  in  very  good  condition. 

A  variety  in  the  National  Museum,  from  Placer  County,  Cali- 
fornia, has  both  lobes  of  the  fore  wings  completely  overlaid  with 
white  scales. 

Named  for  Mr.  R.  A.  Cooley,  a  most  conscientious  and  faithful 
worker  in  entomology,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  not  only  for  the 
careful  and  accurate  drawings  of  the  genitalia  and  other  structural 
characters  in  this  paper,  but  also  for  valuable  assistance  in  other 
entomological  work. 

PLATYPTILIA  MODESTA. 

Platyptilus  modestus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  18,  Plate  I.,  fig.  14 

(1880). 

As  I  have  no  example  of  this  species,  I  give  a  copy  of  Lord 
Walsiugham's  description :  — 

"Head  and  palpi  cinereous;  antennae  slightly  dotted  above. 

"Fore  wings  very  narrow,  cinereous,  with  a  slight  ochreous 
tinge  towards  the  dorsal  margin.  The  costa  sprinkled  and  shaded 
with  fuscous,  the  fuscous  shade  widening  towards  the  fissure,  form- 
ing an  elongate  but  indistinct  triangular  costal  blotch.  The  apical 
portion  of  the  wing  more  or  less  shaded  with  fuscous,  and  a  fus- 
cous line  along  the  base  of  the  cilia  on  the  apical  margin,  which 
are  whitish  at  their  points.  The  cilia  within  the  fissure  and  those 
along  the  dorsal  margin  before  the  anal  angle  white,  the  latter  con- 
taining a  few  dark  scales.  Hind  wings  cinereous  ;  the  cilia  slightly 
paler,  especially  along  their  bases.  Posterior  legs  cinereous ;  the 
feet  slightly  paler.  Expanse  22  mm." 

Habitat.  —  California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

PLATYPTILIA  PETRODACTYLA. 

Pterophorus  petrodactylus  Walk.,  Cat.  Lep.  Het.,  Vol.  XXX., 

pp.  940,  941  (1864). 
Platyptilus  petrodactylus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  20, 

Plate  II.,  fig.  15  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  23  mm.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  shaded 
cinereous.  Legs  cinereous,  slightly  thickened  at  the  joints;  the 
spurs  apparently  of  equal  length. 

Fore  wings  white,  shaded  with  cinereous  or  ashy  brown ;  costa 
brownish  beyond  the  middle ;  an  oblique  brownish  fuscous  line, 


32 

starting  from  the  costa  before  the  apex,  extends  inward  more 
obliquely  than  the  outer  margin,  but  does  not  reach  the  fissure. 
This  line  is  widest  on  the  costa,  tapering  to  a  point  inwardly,  and 
is  darker  at  its  lower  end.  Fringes  white  within  the  fissure,  with 
a  cinereous  line  near  their  bases,  shaded  with  fuscous  at  the 
anal  angle.  Hind  wings  pale  cinereous;  fringes  slightly  darker 
towards  the  end  of  the  feathers. 

Habitat.  —  Arctic  America.  Early  stages  and  food  plant  un- 
known. 

PLATYPTILIA  ADUSTA. 

Platyptilus  adustus  Wlsm.,  Pter,  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  5,  Plate  I.,  fig.  4 
(1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  23  mm.  Head,  frontal  tuft,  thorax  and 
abdomen  fawn  color,  with  a  brownish  tinge.  Legs  pale  fawn 
color,  with  the  feet  and  anterior  parts  of  the  tibiae  slightly  paler. 

Fore  wings  fawn  color,  somewhat  streaked  with  a  paler  tint; 
the  costa  much  darker.     Fringes  but  little  paler  than  the  wings, 
but  with  a  fine  brown  basal  line.     Hind  wings  fawn  color,  the 
first  and  second  feathers  slightly  darker  than  the  fore  wings. 
'  Habitat.  — California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

PLATYPTILIA  ALBICILIATA. 

Platyptilus  albiciliatus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  17,  Plate  I.,  fig.  13 
(1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  24  mm.  Head  cinnamon  brown ;  frontal 
tuft  short.  Thorax  grayish  brown.  Hind  legs  cinereous ;  feet 
and  spurs  paler. 

Fore  wings  cinnamon  brown,  with  a  slight  grayish  tinge  on  the 
costa  and  outer  margin.  Fringes  whitish  except  at  the  base, 
where  they  are  of  the  same  color  as  the  wing.  Hind  wings  pale 
brown,  with  the  fringes  paler  at  the  base. 

Habitat.  — California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

PLATYPTILIA  ALBICANS. 
Platyptilia  albicans  Fish,  Can  Ent.,  Vol.  XIII.,  p.  71  (1881). 

Expanse  of  wings,  22  mm.  Head  and  thorax  cream  color, 
frontal  tuft  short  and  blunt.  Palpi  extending  beyond  frontal 
tuft,  slightly  ascending.  Antennae  cinnamon  brown,  dotted  above 
with  white.  Abdomen  ochreous,  lighter  at  base.  Legs  whitish, 
anterior  and  middle  femora  and  tibiae  cinnamon  brown  >  sprinkled 


33 

with  whitish  scales ;  tarsi  cinereous,  first  two  segments  whitish 
interiorly ;  posterior  tibiae  cream  color,  brownish  just  before  the 
spurs. 

Fore  wings  creamy  white  along  the  hind  margin,  on  the  costa 
cinnamon  brown;  costal  triangular  spot  cinnamon  brown,  bor- 
dered outwardly  above  the  fissure  by  a  broad  white  line ;  below 
the  fissure  its  apex  is  continuous  with  the  brownish  color  of  the 
second  lobe.  Both  lobes  cinnamon  brown,  with  a  transverse  white 
line  not  reaching  the  hind  margin  of  the  second  lobe.  Fringes 
cream  color,  sprinkled  with  cinnamon  brown.  Hind  wings  cinna- 
mon brown,  with  fringes  concolorous. 

Habitat.  — Nevada.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

PLATYPTILIA  TESSERADACTYLA. 
Alucita  tesseradactyla  Linn.,  Fn.  Suec.,  p.  370  (1761). 

Expanse  of  wings,  16-20  mm.  Head,  palpi  and  frontal  tuft 
grayish  brown.  Antennae  whitish,  dotted  above  with  dark  brown. 
Thorax  gray  in  front,  white  behind. 

Fore  wings  whitish,  heavily  dusted  with  brownish  gray.  The 
somewhat  indistinct  brownish  triangle  on  the  outer  third  of  the 
costa  is  followed  by  a  whitish  spot,  and  a  subterminal  white  line 
crosses  both  lobes. 

Habitat. — Europe,  Massachusetts.  Food,  Gnaphalium  dio- 
icum,  G.  arenarium. 

4 'The  egg  is  pale  green,  smooth  and  somewhat  elongated,  and 
the  larva  in  its  earliest  stage  is  clear  white  with  isolated  hairs. 
Head,  thoracic  and  anal  shields  black.  Later  (in  September)  the 
dorsal  and  lateral  rows  of  rust-brown  points  appear,  and  in  March, 
after  hibernating,  it  becomes  stout  without  increasing  very  much 
in  length.  The  head,  thoracic  and  anal  shields  are  dark  brown ; 
dorsal  stripe  is  crimson  rust  color ;  the  subdorsal  and  lateral  lines 
are  of  the  same  color  but  finer.  The  ground  color  of  the  body  is 
yellowish  above  and  rust  red  beneath.  The  adult  larva  is  a  little 
smaller  at  each  end  and  cylindrical  in  the  middle.  The  head  is 
small  and  black,  the  thoracic  shields  small,  black  divided  by  a 
light  line.  The  color  of  the  body  is  dark  ferruginous  brown.  On 
the  back  stand  whitish  flecks  with  two  pairs  of  black  tubercles  on 
each  segment,  of  which  the  hinder  are  placed  farther  from  each 
other  than  those  in  front;  similar  tubercles  occur  on  the  sides, 
from  which  arise  long  light  hairs.  The  anal  shield  and  legs  are 
dark  brown.  These  larvae  frequently  vary  in  the  tone  of  the 
color."  (Gartner.) 


PLATYPTILIA  MARGINIDACTYLA. 

Pterophorus  marginidactylus  Fiteh,  N.  Y.  Rep.,  Vol.  I.,  p.  848 

(1854). 
Pterophorus  nebulcedactylus  Fitch,  N.  Y.  Rep.,  Vol.  I.,  p.  849 

(1854). 
Platyptilus  Bertrami .  RoessL,  Wien.   Mts.,  Vol.  VIII.,  p.  54 

(1864). 
Platyptilus  Bischoffii  Zell.,   Stett.   Ent.   Zeit.,  Vol.  XXVIH., 

p.  333  (1867). 
Platyptilia  Bertrami  Zell.,  Stett.   Ent.    Zeit.,  Vol.  XXXIV., 

p.  135  (1873). 

Platyptilia  Bischoffii  Zell.,  Verb.  z.-b.  Ges.,  p.  317  (1873). 
Pterophorus  cervinidactylus  Pack.,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.,  Vol.  X., 

p.  266  (1873). 
Platyptilus  bertrami  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  3,  Plate  I., 

'fig.  3  (1880). 

Platyptilia  bertrami  Tutt,  Mon.,  p.  31  (1891). 
Platyptilia  Bertrami  Mey.,  Brit.  Lep.,  p.  434  (1895). 
Platyptilia  Bertrami  Hoi,  Deut.  Pter.,  p.  55  (1895). 

Expanse  of  wings,  22-28  mm.  Head,  palpi,  frontal  tuft,  tho- 
rax and  abdomen  pale  ochre  yellow,  the  collar  and  outside  of  the 
palpi  sometimes  a  little  darker.  Palpi  and  frontal  tuft  of  nearly 
equal  length,  extending  forward  of  the  head  a  distance  equal  to 
the  length  of  the  head.  Antennae  whitish,  dotted  above  with  dark 
brown.  All  the  coxae,  femora,  anterior  and  middle  tibiae  brown- 
ish yellow  on  the  outside,  whitish  within.  Hind  tibiae  whitish  at 
the  base,  dull  brown  on  the  outer  half.  All  the  tarsi  whitish,  ex- 
cept in  some  examples  the  segments  of  the  hind  tarsi  are  touched 
with  dull  brown.  Fore  wings  somewhat  falcate  at  the  end  of  the 
first  lobe,  pale  ochre  yellow,  fuscous  along  the  costal  edge,  broken 
by  an  oblique  light  shade  above  and  a  little  beyond  the  end  of  the 
fissure,  within  which  a  darker  shade  extends  from  the  costa  across 
the  cell  containing  two  brownish  dots,  one  on  each  angle  of  the 
cell.  The  anterior  dot  is  seldom  present  and  often  both  are 
absent.  An  elongated  ochre  yellow  spot  rests  on  the  cell  half- 
way between  the  discal  dots  and  the  base  of  the  wing,  a  second 
elongated  spot  on  the  hind  margin  at  the  base  and  another  near 
the  middle  of  the  wing.  The  lobes  are  somewhat  darker  at  the 
outer  end,  sometimes  with  an  indication  of  a  pale  subterminal  line. 
Fringes  whitish,  with  a  darker  shade  outwardly,  and  with  a  dark- 
brown  basal  line  which  extends  a  little  into  the  fissure.  The 
darker  ochre  yellow  spots  are  often  extended  so  that  nearly  the 
whole  surface  of  the  wing  is  of  this  color.  Hind  wings  dark 


35 

ochreous  fuscous,  with  a  more  or  less  distinct  cluster  of  dark 
scales  near  the  middle  of  the  hind  fringe  of  the  third  feather. 

The  genitalia  are  represented  on  Plate  III.,  figs.  4  and  5.  For 
the  sake  of  comparison  the  genitalia  of  P.  ochrodactyla  are  repre- 
sented on  the  same  plate,  figs.  14  and  15.  These  were  made  from 
specimens  received  from  Professor  Zeller,  and  labelled  in  his  own 
handwriting. 

The  above  description  was  drawn  up  from  one  hundred  and 
thirteen  American  specimens. 

Habitat. — Europe;  Canada,  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Massa- 
chusetts, New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Colorado,  California,  Oregon. 
Food,  Yarrow  (Achillea  millefolium) . 

In  some  unpublished  notes  received  from  Mr.  Charles  Fish,  I 
find  the  following  statement :  "  Received  from  Mr.  J.  Elwyn  Bates, 
on  June  30,  1881,  some  eggs  of  Plat,  bischoffii,  which  were  laid 
June  24,  to  the  number  of  twenty-four.  They  were  elliptical  in 
outline  and  somewhat  flattened.  The  longer  diameter  was  three- 
sevenths  of  a  millimeter  and  the  shorter  diameter  was  three-tenths 
of  a  millimeter,  and  the  surface  was  irregularly  corrugated.  When 
first  deposited  they  were  of  a  light  cream  color  or  almost  hyaline 
with  a  glossy  surface,  but  after  two  days  they  turned  to  a  deep 
flesh  color."  There  was  no  note  made  as  to  whether  these  eggs 
hatched,  or  not. 

Different  stages  of  the  larva  have  been  described  by  several 
writers  in  Europe,  and  the  mature  larva  is  briefly  described  as  fol- 
lows :  ' '  Larva  green ;  dorsal  line  darker  or  somewhat  brownish 
tinged  ;  subdorsal  and  lateral  gray  whitish  ;  subspiracular  white  ; 
head  whitish  yellowish."  (Meyrick.) 

44  The  pupa  is  a  little  over  half  an  inch  long,  with  a  longish 
beak  in  front,  projecting  at  a  slight  angle  downwards  from  the 
head  ;  pointed  at  the  tail ;  the  wing  cases  of  moderate  length,  well 
developed,  and  the  ends  of  the  leg  cases  projecting  free  from  the 
abdomen.  The  color  is  bright  pale  green,  dorsal  line  dark  green, 
edged  on  the  thorax  with  white ;  beak  white  above,  rust  color  on 
the  sides ;  there  is  a  conspicuous  streak  of  this  rust  color  on  the 
hind  part  of  the  thorax,  and  the  same  color  also  appears  (but  more 
faintly)  on  the  abdominal  point  and  at  the  tip  of  the  leg  cases ; 
subdorsal  line  dark  green,  lateral  line  white.  Ventral  surface  pale 
green,  with  darker  green  lines,  and  the  wing-cases  with  whitish 
rays."  (Porritt.) 

The  insects  before  me,  so  far  as  the  labels  indicate,  were  on  the 
wing  in  Maine,  June  24 ;  Massachusetts,  from  the  10th  to  the  27th 


36 

of  June ;  New  York,  from  June  23  to  July  17  ;  Missouri,  in  May ; 
Colorado,  from  the  llth  to  the  16th  of  June;  California,  June  1 
to  18. 

I  have  seven  European  species  of  Platyptilia  in  my  collection, 
all  named  by  Professor  Zeller.  Five  of  these  are  males,  and  an 
examination  of  the  genitalia  proves  that  one  which  Zeller  named 
bertrami  is  ochrodactyla  and  one  named  oclirodactyla  is  bertrami. 
They  approach  each  other  so  closely  in  form  and  coloration  that  it 
is  not  surprising  that  they  should  have  been  considered  conspecific 
for  so  long  a  time,  and  that  there  should  have  been  so  much  dis- 
cussion about  the  matter  in  the  European  journals.  Mr.  Tutt  has 
given  an  excellent  resume"  of  this  discussion  in  his  ' '  Monograph  of 
the  Pterophorina  of  Britain."  Mr.  Tutt  suggests  that  Haworth's 
pallidactyla  is  identical  with  bertrami,  and  in  that  case  it  should 
take  precedence,  but  until  this  is  adopted  we  must  accept  the  name 
marginidactyla  Fitch,  which  is  ten  years  older  than  bertrami. 

The  types  of  Fitch  now  belong  to  my  collections ;  and  I  have 
made  a  critical  examination  of  the  genitalia,  and  they  agree  per- 
fectly with  the  genitalia  of  bertrami. 

GENUS  ALUCITA  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  X.,  p.  542  (1758). 

Vertex  smooth ;  front  smooth  or  a  little  swollen,  closely  scaled  ; 
antennae  with  a  thickened  basal  segment.  Palpi  slim,  porrect  or 
somewhat  ascending,  the  third  segment  shorter  than  the  second, 
pointed  and  sometimes  .bent  down  a  little.  Anterior  and  middle 
tibiae  very  slightly  thickened  at  the  end ;  hind  tibiae  without  thick- 
ening of  scales.  Abdomen  moderately  slim,  the  second  and  third 
segments  not  much  longer  than  the  others.  Fore  wings  fissured 
half  their  length  or  a  little  more,  the  lobes  running  to  a  point  and 
bent  backward  somewhat,  especially  the  second  lobe.  Feathers  of 
the  hind  wings  all  of  the  same  form,  linear  and  pointed,  without  a 
cluster  of  dark  scales  in  the  fringe  of  the  third  feather. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  SPECIES. 

Ground  color  of  the  fore  wings  white,       .    .     .    !     .        .  '     .  montana. 

Ground  color  of  the  fore  wings  yellowish  white,      .        .  cinerascens. 

Ground  color  of  the  fore  wings  gray,        .,      -  *    , •_,-.» .« ;     .-  .        .       2. 

Expanse  of  wings,  18  mm.,        .        *    ,  '...-      *        .,    .  >.  .  belfragei. 

Expanse  of  wings,  25  mm.,        .        .        .        .        .        .  walsinghami. 

ALUCITA  WALSINGHAMI,  n.  s. 

Expanse  of  wings,  25-26  mm.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen 
grayish  white.  Legs  pale  brown. 


37 

Fore  wings  grayish  white,  brownish  along  the  extreme  costal 
margin ;  a  more  or  less  obsolete  brown  spot  on  the  middle  of  the 
cell  and  three  darker  brown  spots  in  the  whitish  costal  fringe  of 
the  first  lobe,  one  nearly  over  the  end  of  the  fissure,  one  at  the 
middle  and  one  near  the  end  of  the  lobe.  Remaining  fringes  pale 
brown,  white  at  the  end  of  the  fissure,  along  the  middle  of  the 
costa  of  the  second  lobe,  just  before  the  apex  of  the  hind  margin, 
near  the  base  of  the  lobe  and  beneath  the  outer  fourth  of  the  cell. 
Hind  wings  and  fringes  pale  brown. 

Nearly  related  to  A.  volgensis  Moesch.,  from  Sarepta,  Russia. 

Described  from  four  examples  from  Colorado,  and  named  in 
honor  of  Lord  Walsingham,  who  has  made  most  valuable  contri- 
butions to  our  knowledge,  not  only  of  North  American  Ptero- 
phoridse,  but  also  of  other  microlepidoptera. 

Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

ALUCITA  BELFRAGEI. 
Aciptilus  Belfragei  Fish,  Can.  Ent.,  Vol.  XIII.,  p  142  (1881). 

Expanse  of  wings,  18  mm.  Head  brownish  gray.  Palpi  brown 
above,  whitish  beneath.  Antennae  whitish,  dotted  with  pale  brown 
above.  Thorax  pale  ochreous  gray  in  front;  hind  portion  and 
abdomen  pale  grayish  ochreous,  striped  longitudinally  with  fine 
white  lines  and  marked  with  dark  streaks.  Legs  pale  grayish ; 
fore  and  middle  femora  striped  longitudinally  with  whitish  and 
dark  brown  lines ;  tarsi  pale  ochreous,  with  shadings  on  the  outer 
side ;  hind  tibiae  and  tarsi  pale  ochreous ;  spurs  tipped  with  brown. 

Fore  wings  pale  ochreous  gray,  dusted  with  brown  scales ;  an 
oblique  dark-brown  patch  at  the  base  of  the  fissure,  bordered  pos- 
teriorly with  white ;  a  small  brown  spot  midway  between  this  and 
the  base  of  the  wing ;  two  longitudinal  brown  spots  on  the  outer 
third  of  the  costa  of  first  lobe  and  one  or, two  brown  dots  on  the 
outer  margin  of  the  same  lobe  near  the  apex.  Fringes  pale  brown 
except  at  the  apex  of  the  second  lobe,  where  they  are  white.  Hind 
wings  brownish  cinereous.  Fringes  pale  brown. 

Habitat.  — Texas.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

ALUCITA  MONTANA. 

Aciptilus  montanus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal   and  Ore.,  p.  59,  Plate  III.,  fig.  14 
(1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  16  mm.  Head  white,  antenna?  faintly  dotted 
above  with  brownish.  Thorax,  abdomen  and  legs  snow  white ;  the 
fore  and  middle  legs  brownish  on  the  inner  side. 


38 

Fore  wings  snow  white,  sprinkled  with  ferruginous-brown  scales, 
especially  on  the  outer  half  of  the  costa ;  a  spot  of  these  scales 
before  the  base  of  the  fissure  runs  obliquely  to  a  darker  spot  on 
the  costa,  and  this  is  nearly  connected  by  a  dark  shade  with  an- 
other brown  costal  spot  near  the  apex ;  a  dark-brown  fine  streak 
on  the  outer  half  of  the  costa  of  the  second  lobe  extends  through 
the  fringe  under  the  apex ;  all  of  the  rest  of  the  fringe  is  snow 
white.  Hind  wings  dusted  with  cinereous  brown. 

Habitat.  —  California,  New  York. 

"  The  larva  feeds  upon  different  species  of  Solidago.  The  first 
examples  were  noticed  on  May  30.  At  this  time  they  were  found 
only  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaves,  later  they  occur  on  the  upper 
as  well.  As  a  rule,  they  lie  close  to  and  parallel  with  the  mid- 
vein.  At  least  while  young  they  eat  out  the  parenchyma,  leaving 
the  epidermis. 

"  May  30  the  larvae  were  .1  of  an  inch  and  less  in  length;  en- 
tirely white,  except  claws  and  mandibles.  The  body  is  not  flat- 
tened at  this  stage.  The  first  ring  is  broad,  and  the  head  may  be 
well  withdrawn  into  it.  The  tubercular  hairs  are  spined,  plainly 
seen  under  a  moderate  magnifying  power. 

"June  3  the  largest  had  evidently  moulted,  length  then  .2  of  an 
inch,  pale  green,  eighth  and  ninth  rings  yellow.  Lateral  tufts 
more  conspicuous.  Dorsal  line  faint.  Subsequent  changes  not 
noted  until  full-grown  larva  was  described  the  latter  part  of  June. 
Length  .34  to  .4  of  an  inch.  Pale  pea  green,  head  paler;  dorsal 
stripe  of  three  white  lines,  the  middle  one  the  finest  and  most 
clearly  defined.  The  seventh,  eighth  and  ninth  rings  yellow. 
The  posterior  subdorsal  papilla  of  the  body  rings  bears  two  un- 
equal hairs,  the  anterior  but  one ;  above  the  spiracles  and  in  front 
of  them  also  is  a  papilla;  below  the  same  there  are  two,  from 
which  arise  long  hairs,  five  from  posterior  and  ten  or  twelve  from 
anterior,  these  are  spread  out  fan-like ;  below  these  a  prominent 
longitudinal  fold.  From  the  first  ring  proceed  long  hairs  reach- 
ing over  and  beyond  the  head.  Hairs  all  unbranched  and  plu- 
mose. The  body  is  considerably  flattened,  so  when  looking  down 
upon  it  the  spiracles  from  either  side  may  be  seen  at  once,  spira- 
cles conical,  rings  black. 

"The  pupa  is  .3  of  an  inch  in  length;  light  green,  some  of 
them  have  a  reddish  stripe  along  dorsal  part  of  the  abdomen,  the 
conical  spiracles  of  such  have  the  same  hue.  The  upper  part  of 
the  rings  well  clothed,  especially  at  extremities  and  along  the 
lateral  ridges.  Pupa  fastens  to  a  tuft  of  silk  by  means  of  the 


39 

hooks  of  the  last  ring.     Moth  appears  through  greater  part  of 
July."     (Kellicott.) 

ALUCITA  CINERASCENS. 

Aciptilus  cinerascens  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  57,  Plate  III.,  fig.  13 
(1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  19  mm.  Head  slightly  ochreous ;  palpi  very 
short ;  antennae  pubescent,  pale  ochreous.  Thorax  whitish,  espe- 
cially in  front,  where  two  indistinct  dark  lines  run  forward  to  the 
head.  Abdomen  pale  ochreous.  Legs  whitish,  the  fore  and  mid- 
dle pairs  tinged  with  brown  on  the  inner  side. 

Fore  wings  very  pale  ochreous,  dusted  thickly  with  brownish, 
forming  a  large  spot  before  the  base  of  the  fissure ;  a  subcostal 
spot  before  the  middle  and  two  small  costal  spots  on  the  outer  half 
of  the  first  lobe.  Fringes  below  the  apex  of  first  lobe  and  on  the 
apex  of  the  second  lobe  dark  brown ;  pale  subochreous  within  the 
fissure,  with  a  brownish  spot  on  the  hind  margin.  Hind  wings 
and  fringes  pale  cinereous ;  under  side  pale  brownish. 

Habitat.  — California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

GENUS  PTEROPHORUS  Geoff.,  Hist.  Ins.,  Vol.  II.,  p.  90  (1764). 

Vertex  and  front  smooth ;  palpi  short,  not  reaching  beyond  the 
head  or  but  very  slightly ;  porrect,  or  slightly  ascending,  the  third 
segment  short  and  sometimes  bent  down  a  little ;  antennae  with  a 
thickened  basal  segment.  Anterior  and  middle  tibiae  only  slightly 
thickened  at  the  end ;  hind  tibiae  without  a  thickening  of  scales. 

Fore  wings  fissured  about  one-third  of  their  length ;  both  lobes 
pointed,  the  hind  lobe  in  some  species  with  a  scarcely  perceptible 
anal  angle.  Feathers  of  the  hind  wings  unlike  in  form,  with  long 
fringes  and  without  a  black  scale  cluster.  The  upper  angle  of  the 
cell  is  very  acute,  formed  by  the  very  oblique  cross  vein. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  SPECIES. 

Fore  wings  remarkably  narrow,  dirty  white, .  agraphodactylus. 
Ground  color  of  the  fore  wings  snow  white,  ....  2. 
Ground  color  of  the  fore  wings  bluish  white, .  .  .  brucei. 
Ground  color  of  the  fore  wings  pale  sulphur  yellow, 

sulphur  eodactylus. 

Ground  color  of  the  fore  wings  pale  straw  color,  ...  4. 
Ground  color  of  the  fore  wings  cream  white, ....  5. 
Ground  color  of  the  fore  wings  pale  brownish  white,  .  rileyi. 
Ground  color  of  the  fore  wings  very  pale  brownish  gray,  .  6. 
Ground  color  of  the  fore  wings  ochre  yellow,  ...  8. 
Ground  color  of  the  fore  wings  brown  or  dark  gray,  14. 


40 

2  J  Expanse  of  wings  less  than  21  mm.,       -,'...       .        »        fishii. 
\  Expanse  of  wings  more  than  21  mm.,      .        .        .        .        .      3. 

3  ^  Expanse  of  wings  between  23  and  25  mm.,     .        .        .     elliottii. 
\  Expanse  of  wings  more  than  25  mm.,      .        .        .  homodactylus. 
J  Costa  of  first  lobe  of  fore  wing  indistinctly  brownish,  stramineus. 
(  Costa  of  first  lobe  of  fore  wing  not  marked  with  brown,  angustus. 

g      J  Expanse  of  wings  24  mm., helianthi. 

\  Expanse  of  wings  28  mm., subochraceus . 

,*      {  Fore  wings  with  a  brown  spot  at  the  end  of  the  fissure,         .      7. 

f  Fore  wings  unspotted, inconditus. 

J  Fore  wings  sprinkled  with  black  scales,         .        .  mathewianus. 

\  Fore  wings  not  sprinkled  with  black  scales,   .        .         paleaceus. 

/-  With  three  or  four  terminal  brown  spots  on  outer  margin  of 
8     <      second  lobe, kellicottii. 

(.Without  this  character, 9. 

„      J  Pale  ochre  yellow  without  any  markings,       .        .        .    grandis. 

}  With  more  or  less  markings, 10. 

f  An  oblique  reddish  brown  shade  from  costa  to  fissural  spot, 
10.    <  cretidactylus. 

C  Without  this  character, 11. 

J  Second  lobe  of  a  lighter  color  than  the  rest  of  the  wing,     baroni. 

)  Without  this  character, 12. 

19      ^  A  brown  costal  streak  over  the  end  of  fissure,         .        .        .     13. 

}  Without  this  character, guttatus. 

-0      J  Expanse  of  wings  28  mm., cineraceus. 

(  Expanse  of  wings  22  mm., gratiosus. 

- .      J  With  tuft  of  scales  near  middle  of  hind  tibiae,         .  monodactylus. 

\  Without  this  character,     .        . 15. 

.,      ^  Expanse  of  wings  less  than  20  mm.,        .        .        .        .        .16. 

\  Expanse  of  wings  more  than  20  mm., 17. 

lfi      J  Costa  of  first  lobe  with  two  dark  brown  spots,        .       inquinatus. 

\  Costa  of  first  lobe  without  two  dark  brown  spots,  .        .     parvus. 

..„      J  Costal  region  light  yellowish  brown,      ....  eupatorii. 

\  Costal  region  dark,  .        .        .        .  .        .        .        .18. 

1 ,,      $  Outer  fourth  of  costa  mostly  white, ....        grisescens. 

)  Outer  fourth  of  costa  with  but  little  white,      .         .        .  lugubris. 

PTEROPHORUS  FISHII. 
Alucita  fishii  Fern.,  Can.  Ent.,  Vol.,  XXV.,  p.  95  (1893). 

Expanse  of  wings,  20  mm.  Thorax  and  abdomen  white.  Legs 
white  slightly  tinged  with  brownish. 

Fore  wings  white  with  a  few  brown  scales  scattered  over  the 
costal  portion  before  the  fissure,  forming  a  faint  costal  triangu- 
lar patch,  beyond  which  are  two  equidistant  brown  spots  on  the 
costa.  Fringes  pure  white.  Hind  wings  and  fringes  pure  white. 
Described  from  one  specimen  with  the  head  wanting. 

Habitat.  —  Nevada.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 


PTEROPHORUS  HOMOE*CTYLUS. 

Pterophorus  homodaclylus  Walk.,  Cat.  Lep.  Het.,  Vol.  XXX.,  p. 

941  (1864). 

?  Leioptilus  hololeucos  Zell.,  Lep.  Westk.  Am.,  p.  23  (1874). 
Lioplilus  homodactyhis  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  50,  Plate 

III,  figs.  8,  9  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  22-27  mm.  Head  white,  palpi  and  antennae 
whitish.  Thorax  and  abdomen  white.  Legs  white,  slightly  tinged 
with  cinereous. 

Fore  wings  white,  very  slightly  dusted  on  the  costa  with  brown- 
ish scales ;  a  brownish  spot  before  and  slightly  below  the  base  of 
the  fissure ;  a  group  of  indistinct  brownish  scales  between  this  and 
the  base  of  the  wing ;  a  faint  indication  of  two  brownish  dots  on 
the  outer  margin.  Hind  wings  and  fringes  pure  white,  with  a 
silky  lustre.  In  some  specimens  the  brownish  spots  are  absent. 

A  variety  of  this  species  has  the  head  brown  behind  and  in 
front,  the  palpi  brownish  and  antennae  dingy  white.  Fore  wings 
more  heavily  dusted  with  brown  scales,  fringes  tinged  at  the  tips 
around  the  obsolete  anal  angle  with  pale  cinereous.  Hind  wings 
and  fringes  very  pale  cinereous.  Legs  white,  first  two  pairs 
touched  with  brownish  on  their  inner  sides. 

A  specimen  of  this  species  was  sent  by  Lord  Walsingham  to 
Professor  Zeller,  who  remarked :  4  4  Only  larger,  otherwise  agree- 
ing with  Lioptilus  hololeucos  Zeller ;  on  the  right  anterior  wings  it 
has  also  two  dots." 

Habitat.  —  South  America,  California,  Oregon.  Food,  Soli- 
dago,  Eupatorium  purpureum. 

44  Larva.  —  Length,  .55  of  an  inch ;  pale  yellowish  green  ;  dorsal 
line  sharply  defined,  white;  subdorsai  and  stigmatal  lines  similar; 
the  top  of  each  ring  from  the  second  to  the  tenth  bears  a  minute 
circle  of  white  interrupting  the  dorsal  line.  The  dorsal  spaces  of 
each  ring  from  the  fourth  to  the  eleventh  bear  a  pair  of  tubercles 
on  either  side  of  the  middle  line,  from  these  proceed  rather  long, 
stiff,  hoary,  smooth  hairs ;  the  thoracic  and  terminal  rings  have  a 
single  papilla  in  place  of  the  pairs.  These  tubercles  stand  in  a 
light  stripe.  Below  them  a  single  tubercle  with  similar  appen- 
dages ;  below  the  spiracles  a  larger  one  with  a  minute  one  back 
of  it  bearing  three  or  four  hairs,  also  one  above  the  line  of  the 
feet.  Legs  and  ventral  surface  hairy.  The  anterior  half  of  the 
first  ring  bears  many  hairs,  which  hang  over  the  head  somewhat. 
Spiracles  round,  rim  white;  back  of  each  there  is  a  short,  stiff 
hair.  Head  almost  colorless,  except  mouth  organs  and  ocelli; 


42 

epicranial  suture  deep ;  cranial  lobes  hemispherical,  with  scattered 
hairs. 

"  The  pupa  measures  .45  of  an  inch.  It  is  light  pea  green, 
turning  white  before  the  moth  escapes.  There  is  a  clear  dorsal 
space  with  an  interrupted  white  line  in  the  middle ;  also  white 
lines  on  the  lateral  faces.  The  tubercles  are  set  with  hairs  ex- 
actly as  in  the  larva,  so  the  pupa  is  quite  conspicuously  clothed ; 
the  head  and  thorax  support  shorter  hairs  arising  singly  from  the 
surface ;  short,  dusky  hairs  stand  in  rows  on  the  wing  covers,  ap- 
parently outlining  the  veins ;  there  is  a  similar  row  on  the  antennae 
covers.  The  pointed  cremaster  ends  with  many  booklets,  which 
fasten  the  pupa  securely  to  the  leaf,  on  which  a  tuft  of  silk  has 
been  spun  by  the  larva.  The  thorax  is  quite  obliquely  truncated  ; 
seen  from  below,  it  is  slightly  bilobed,  rendered  so  by  the  promi- 
nent origin  of  the  antennae  covers ;  between  the  lobes  there  is  a 
slight  tufted  tubercle."  (Kellicott.) 

PTEROPHORTJS  BRUOEI,  n.  a. 

Expanse  of  wings,  24-26  mm.  Head  and  thorax  pale  ashy 
gray,  with  the  tegulae  much  lighter. 

Fore  wings  white,  with  a  few  brown  scales  scattered  over  the 
surface,  most  numerous  basally  and  along  the  costa.  An  elon- 
gated brown  spot  on  the  cell  near  the  basal  third  of  the  wing ;  a 
triangular  brown  spot  on  the  end  of  the  cell  immediately  before 
the  fissure,  indistinctly  connected  with  an  elongate  brown  spot  on 
the  costa  above  the  end  of  the  fissure;  a  similar  spot  occurs 
near  the  middle  of  the  costa  of  the  first  lobe.  Fringe  of  first 
lobe  whitish  on  the  costa  and  fuscous  from  the  base  of  the  cleft  to 
the  apex,  immediately  before  which  it  is  cut  with  white,  and  there 
is  a  brown  spot  on  the  wing  at  the  base  of  the  white.  Fringe  of 
second  lobe  fuscous  within  the  cleft  and  whitish  elsewhere.  Hind 
wings  pale  fuscous,  with  the  fringes  a  little  darker  than  the  sur- 
face of  the  feathers. 

Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

Described  from  three  examples  collected  in  Colorado  by  Mr. 
David  Bruce,  whose  work  in  the  west  has  enriched  many  museums 
and  private  collections. 

PTEROPHORUS  ELLIOTTII. 
Alucita  elliottii  Fern.,  Can.  Ent.,  Vol.  XXV.,  p.  95  (1893). 

Expanse  of  wings,  23-25  mm.  Head  very  pale  fuscous.  Thorax 
and  abdomen  whitish  fuscous.  Legs  white. 


43 

Fore  wings  white,  tinged  more  or  less  with  ochre  yellow  near 
the  base  and  on  the  apical  third  of  the  costa;  a  very  oblique 
streak  of  brown  scales  on  the  costa  near  the  apex  and  a  dark- 
brown  spot  before  the  fissure ;  a  streak  of  irregular  brown  scales 
extends  from  the  base  of  the  wing  to  the  fissure.  Fringes  white. 
Hind  wings  pure  white,  with  a  few  ochre  yellow  scales  scattered 
over  the  surface  in  some  specimens.  Fringes  white. 

Habitat.  —  New  York.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

PTEROPHORUS  SUBOCHRACEUS. 

Lioptilus  subochraceus  Wlsm  ,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  53,  Plate 

III.,  fig.  10  (1880). 
?  Pterophorus  lacteodaclylus  Cham.,  Can.  EntM  Vol.  V.,  p.  73 

(1873). 

Having  no  example  of  this  species  from  California,  I  copy  Lord 
Walsingham's  description :  — 

"Head  whitish  above;  face  and  neck  brownish;  palpi  very 
short,  not  projecting  as  far  as  the  front  of  the  head;  antennae 
whitish  ochreous,  with  the  basal  joint  brown. 

"Fore  wings  pale  subochreous,  without  spots  or  markings,  ex- 
cept a  rather  oblique  delicate  ferruginous  shade  above  the  base  of 
the  fissure,  reaching  the  costa  before  the  apex ;  the  cilia  about  the 
dorsal  margin  of  the  second  lobe  are  slightly  tinged  with  brownish. 
Hind  wings  very  pale  brownish  straw  color.  Legs  whitish. 

"Expanse,  28  mm." 

Habitat.  —  California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

I  have  the  type  of  lacteodactylus  before  me,  and  the  head  and 
palpi  agree  perfectly  with  the  above  description,  but  the  wings  are 
somewhat  worn.  Without  seeing  an  authentic  specimen  of  sub- 
ochraceus,  I  do  not  feel  prepared  to  pronounce  them  identical.  I 
have  two  specimens  from  Massachusetts  which  were  supposed  to 
be  subochraceus,  by  Mr.  Fish,  and  from  which  the  drawings  of  the 
genitalia  on  Plate  IV.  were  made.  In  these  specimens  the  palpi 
are  longer  than  in  lacteodactylus,  and  I  do  not  think  they  are  the 
same. 

PTEROPHORUS  HELIANTHI. 

Lioptilus  helianthi  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  54,  Plate  III.,  fig.  11 
(1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  24  mm.  Head  and  thorax  whitish ;  palpi 
brownish;  antennae  white,  dotted  with  brown  above.  Abdomen 
whitish.  Legs  whitish,  dotted  with  brown  on  the  under  side  of 
the  segments. 


44 

Fore  wings  cream  white,  with  a  few  scattered  brown  scales ;  a 
brown  spot  before  the  base  of  the  fissure  and  another  between 
that  and  the  costa,  upon  which  is  a  brown  line ;  the  apex  of  each 
lobe  sprinkled  with  brown,  and  on  the  apex  of  the  first  lobe  are 
two  or  three  small  brown  spots  or  dashes.  Fringes  cream  white, 
tinged  with  brown  on  the  outer  margin.  Hind  wings  very  pale 
cinereous ;  fringes  slightly  darker  about  the  ends  of  the  feathers. 

Habitat.  —  Southern  Oregon.     Food  plant,  Helianthus. 

PTEROPHORUS  STRAMINEUS. 

Lioptilus  stramineus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  41,  Plate  III.,  fig.  3 
(1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  19  mm.  Head  yellowish  brown  above  and 
in  front,  yellowish  white  between  the  antennae ;  palpi  and  anten- 
nae pale  straw  color  above,  brownish  beneath.  Thorax,  abdomen, 
legs  and  spurs  pale  straw  color;  Fore  wings  straw  color,  with  a 
slightly  brownish  streak  extending  from  the  base  along  the  lower 
half  of  the  wing,  and  one  running  obliquely  on  the  costa,  pointing 
inward  toward  a  brown  spot  at  the  base  of  the  fissure.  Fringes 
grayish,  slightly  tinged  with  brown.  Hind  wings  and  fringes 
pale  grayish  brown. 

Habitat.  —  Southern  Oregon.  Early  stages  and  food  plant  un- 
known. 

PTEROPHORUS  -ANGUSTUS. 

Lioptilus  angustus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  43,  Plate  III.,  fig.  4 
(1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  18  mm.  Head  very  pale  straw  color;  palpi 
straw  color  above,  tinged  with  brownish  on  the  sides ;  antennae 
whitish,  with  indistinct  ochreous  spots  above.  Thorax  and  abdo- 
men pale  straw  color.  Legs  whitish. 

Fore  wings  narrow,  very  pale  straw  color  tinged  with  ochreous ; 
a  dark  fuscous  dot  at  the  base  of  the  fissure.  Fringes  very  pale 
straw  color  except  at  the  outer  end  of  the  fissure  above  and  below 
where  they  are  grayish.  Hind  wings  pale  cinereous ;  fringes  paler. 

Habitat.  —  California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

It  differs  from  stramineus  in  having  no  costal  streak. 

PTEROPHORUS  SULPHUREODA.CTYLUS. 
Pterophorus  sulphureodaclylus  Pack.,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat  Hist.,  N.  Y., 

Vol.  X.,  p.  266  (1873). 
Lioptilus  sulphureus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  48,  Plate 

III.,  fig.  7  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  25  mm.  Head  ochreous.  Palpi  whitish 
yellow,  streaked  with  ochreous;  antennae  long,  yellowish,  tinged 


45 

with  fuscous.  Thorax  and  abdomen  sulphur  yellow,  streaked 
with  ochreous  scales.  Legs  whitish  ochreous,  streaked  with  brown. 

Fore  wings  with  the  first  lobe  produced  into  a  very  acute  point, 
the  second  lobe  broad  halberd-shaped,  unspotted,  clear  sulphur 
yellow,  slightly  tinged  with  brownish  on  the  outer  fourth  of  the 
costa.  A  minute  brown  dot  before  the  base  of  the  fissure. 
Fringes  pale  yellowish  white,  cinereous  on  the  hind  margin. 
Hind  wings  whitish,  thickly  dusted  with  cinereous.  Fringes 
concolorous. 

Habitat.  —  California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

PTEROPHORUS  MATHEWIANUS. 
Leioptilus  Mathewianus  Zell.,  Lep.  Westk.  Am.,  p.  23  (1874). 

Expanse  of  wings,  24  mm.  Head  brownish  gray  behind  ;  palpi 
whitish  gray ;  antennae  dust  gray,  faintly  annulated  on  the  basal 
third  with  whitish.  Thorax  and  abdomen  whitish  gray.  Legs 
light  gray,  all  the  femora  and  tibiae  brownish  ochre,  lightest  on 
hind  legs. 

Fore  wings  pale  reddish  gray,  sprinkled  with  black  scales,  es- 
pecially on  the  margin.  A  diffuse  brown  dot  on  the  cell,  nearer 
to  the  base  of  the  wing  than  to  the  fissure.  Before  this  is  a  more 
distinct  dot,  variable  in  form  and  size,  and  sometimes  a  pale  dot 
at  the  base  of  the  second  lobe.  A  white  longitudinal  spot  under 
the  first-named  dot,  and  before  the  same. an  almost  pure  white 
stripe  runs  to  the  fold,  where  it  widens  and  sends  out  a  slender 
line  through  the  middle  of  the  second  lobe  to  its  outer  margin.  A 
dark-brown  line  bordered  with  white  on  each  side  runs  to  the  dot 
on  the  fissure,  and  a  brown  indistinct  dot  rests  on  the  middle  of 
the  first  lobe ;  two  brown  spots  on  the  apex  of  the  second  lobe 
and  a  short  brown  cross  line  at  the  base  of  the  fringes  of  the  outer 
margin.  Hind  wings  clear  brownish  gray,  with  a  silky  luster. 

Habitat.  —  Vancouver  Island.  Early  stages  and  food  plant  un- 
known. 

PTEROPHORUS  PALEACEUS. 

Leioptilus  paleaceus  Zell.,  Beitr.,  p.  126  (1873). 

Lioptilus  paleaceus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  41,  Plate 

III.,  fig.  2(1880). 
Leioptilus  sericidactylus  Murtf.,  Am.  Ent.,  Vol.  III.,  p.   235 

(1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  21-25  mm.  Head  yellowish  brown,  pale 
between  the  antennae;  antennae  whitish.  Thorax  dull  yellowish 
white.  Abdomen  dull  yellowish,  with  fine  longitudinal  brownish 


46 

lines.  Legs  yellowish  white,  with  fuscous  shadings  on  the  under 
side. 

Fore  wings  very  pale  brownish  gray,  with  a  brownish  spot  be- 
fore the  fissue.  Fringes  concolorous  with  the  lobes.  Hind  wings 
of  the  same  color  as  the  fore  wings.  Fringes  paler,  except  at  the 
apices. 

Habitat.  —  Ohio,  Illinois,  Missouri,  Texas,  California,  Oregon. 
Food,  Iron  Weed  (  Vernonia  noveboracensis) . 

An  examination  of  the  genitalia  of  the  types  of  paleaceus  and 
also  of  sericidactylus  proves  them  to  be  identical. 

"Larva. — Length,  0.55  inch;  diameter,  0.10  inch;  form,  sub- 
cylindrical.  Color  when  young,  dingy  white,  with  a  tinge  of 
green,  becoming  at  maturity  pale  glaucous,  often  varying,  espe- 
cially in  the  late  fall  brood,  to  dull  salmon.  Dorsal  hairs  proceed- 
ing from  prominent  tubercles,  and  of  two  sizes  in  each  tuft,  each 
of  the  shorter  ones  tipped  with  a  minute  pellucid  bead  of  viscid 
fluid,  to  which  pollen  and  bits  of  leaves  often  adhere.  Lateral 
ridge  well  defined.  Prolegs  long  and  narrow.  When  mature,  the 
larva  weaves  a  dense  mat  of  silk,  upon  which  it  extends  itself, 
remaining  quiescent  for  two  or  three  days,  the  dorsal  surface 
acquiring,  meanwhile,  a  translucent  lilaceous  hue,  with  three 
greenish- white  longitudinal  stripes,  of  which  the  medio-dorsal  is 
most  distinct  and  continuous. 

*  *  Pupa,  with  ventral  surface  closely  appressed  to  the  mat  of 
silk,  to  which  the  anal  hooks  are  firmly  attached.  An  upright  or 
inverted  horizontal  position  seems  to  be  preferred,  although  there 
is  no  thoracic  band  or  other  support  for  the  anterior  part  of  the 
body. 

"Average  length,  0.45;  diameter,  same  as  larva,  tapering 
rather  abruptly  from  seventh  abdominal  segment  backward.  Wing 
sheaths  narrow,  free  at  the  blunt  tips.  Dorsum  with  prominent 
subdorsal  ridges.  Color  and  markings  quite  variable.  In  the 
spring  brood  commonly  dull  green,  with  indistinct  lateral  yellow 
stripes.  In  the  fall  brood  the  dorsum  is  pale  yellow  or  flesh  color, 
with  two  fine,  indistinct,  medio-dorsal  lines  of  lilac  color;  sub- 
dorsal  ridge  pale,  inclining  to  lilac  on  outer  side.  In  subdorsal 
space  are  two  nearly  continuous,  quite  heavy,  black  or  fuscous 
lines,  separated  by  a  broad  pale  stripe,  from  two  narrow,  inter- 
rupted dark  lines,  one  beneath,  the  other  above,  the  stigmata.  On 
the  thorax  the^dark  stripes  are  represented  by  two  slightly  diverg- 
ing dashes  on  each  side.  Situated  in  the  subdorsal  ridge,  at  the 
posterior  edge  of  each  segment,  are  a  pair  of  small,  geminate, 


47 

piliferous  warts,  each  bearing  a  sparse  tuft  of  light  sprangling 
hairs.  The  last  larval  skin,  rolled  into  a  little  hairy  ball,  is  often 
supported  over  the  back  of  the  chrysalis,  raised  above  it  on  the 
hairs  of  the  sub-dorsal  ridges.  The  pupa  is  quite  active  and 
irritable,  striking  about  in  all  directions  when  meddled  with." 
(Murtfeldt.) 

PTEROPHORUS  AGRAPHODACTYLUS. 

Pterophorus  agraphodactylusWalk.,  Cat.  Lep.  Het.,  Vol.  XXX., 

p.  94  (1864). 
Lioptilus  agraphodactylus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  46, 

Plate  III.,  fig.  6  (1880). 

I  have  not  seen  this  species,  and  therefore  quote  Lord  Walsing- 
ham's  description :  — 

"  Head  whitish  in  front,  touched  with  brownish  ochreous  towards 
the  thorax  and  in  front ;  antennae  whitish,  browner  beneath ;  palpi 
very  short.  Thorax  yellowish  white. 

"Fore  wings  remarkably  narrow,  dirty  white,  with  a  faint 
yellowish  tinge,  streaked  longitudinally  with  faint  slender  lines  of 
brownish  gray,  apparently  following  the  neuration  ;  the  widest  and 
most  conspicuous  of  these  runs  parallel  to  the  costa  from  the  base 
of  the  wing  to  the  middle  of  the  anterior  lobe,  where  it  is  diffused 
in  a  faint  shade  towards  the  costa,  sending  two  slender  and 
scarcely  discernible  lines  to  the  apex  and  inner  margin.  There 
are  two  slender  brownish-gray  lines  on  the  dorsal  half  of  the  wing, 
the  upper  one,  coming  from  the  base,  passing  below  the  cleft, 
where  it  throws  off  a  branch  beneath  and  running  along  the  upper 
edge  of  the  second  lobe  to  its  apex ;  the  lower  coming  also  from 
the  base,  and  attaining  the  dorsal  margin  below  the  base  of  the 
cleft.  The  costa  pale ;  the  cilia  tinged  with  gray.  Hind  wings 
and  fringes  pale  cinereous.  Abdomen  and  legs  slightly  yellowish 
white.  Under  side  uniformly  pale  cinereous,  except  the  costa  and 
the  fringes  of  the  anterior  lobe  within  the  fissure  which  are  whitish. 

"  Expanse,  25  mm." 

Habitat.  —  St.  Domingo,  Southern  Oregon.  Early  stages  and 
food  plant  unknown. 

PTEROPHORUS  INCONDITUS. 

Lioptilus  inconditus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  44,  Plate  III.,  fig.  5 
(1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  19  mm.  Head  pale  brownish  gray,  paler 
between  the  antennae ;  palpi  brownish  gray ;  antennae  pubescent, 


48 

whitish,  the  basal  segment  enlarged  and  with  a  few  erect  scales  on 
its  inner  side;  thorax  and  abdomen  slightly  tinged  with  yellowish. 
Legs  yellowish  white. 

Fore  wings  very  pale  brownish  gray  or  bone  color,  without  any 
markings  except  faint  traces  of  darker  lines  upon  some  of  the 
veins.  Fringes  slightly  paler  than  the  wings.  Hind  wings  and 
fringes  very  slightly  darker,  with  a  more  decided  cinereous  tinge. 
Under  side  of  all  the  wings  brownish  gray,  with  the  costal  margin 
of  the  fore  wings  slightly  paler. 

Habitat.  —  California,  Washington,  D.  C.  Early  stages  and 
food  plant  unknown. 

PTEROPHORUS  PARVUS. 

Lioptilus  tparvus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  55,  Plate  III.,  fig.  12 
(1880). 

As  I  have  no  example  of  this  species,  I  quote  Lord  Walsing- 
ham's  description :  — 

"  Head  grayish  white,  a  scarcely  paler  frontal  tuft  projecting 
slightly  above  the  long,  well-clothed  but  sharply  pointed  palpi, 
which  are  about  twice  the  length  of  the  head  ;  antennae  pubescent, 
grayish. 

"  Fore  wings  cleft  to  scarcely  one- third  of  their  length,  with  no 
posterior  angle  to  the  upper  lobe,  which  is  rather  narrow,  acu- 
minate and  appressed  at  the  apex,  dusty  grayish,  sprinkled  with 
fuscous  scales,  which  form  an  elongate  shade,  extending  from  an 
ill-defined  antemedian  fuscous  dot  to  the  base  of  the  anterior  and 
to  the  apex  of  the  posterior  lobe ;  a  small  fuscous  dot  lies  imme- 
diately before  and  slightly  below  the  base  of  the  fissure ;  there  is 
a  slight  fuscous  shade  along  the  posterior  margin  of  the  upper 
lobe,  of  which  the  costal  portion  is  rather  pale  ochreous ;  the  costa 
itself  whitish.  The  cilia  along  the  apical  margin  of  both  lobes  are 
grayish,  spotted  along  their  base  with  four  or  five  groups  of  fus- 
cous scales,  of  which  one  is  at  the  extreme  apex  of  the  upper  lobe. 
The  anal  angle  appears  to  be  slightly  more  defined  in  the  second 
lobe  of  the  fore  wings,  and  the  fissure  rather  wider  at  the  base 
than  is  usual  in  this  genus.  Hind  wings  cinereous.  Abdomen 
grayish  white ;  the  legs  whitish,  first  two  pairs  touched  at  the  sides 
with  grayish  fuscous.  The  first  pair  of  spurs  on  the  hinder  tibiae 
are  unequal  in  length ;  the  second  pair  equal  to  the  longest  of  the 
other  two. 

"  Expanse,  15  mm." 

Habitat.  —  California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 


49 


PTEROPHORUS  KELLICOTTII. 
Lioptilus  Kellicottn~Fish,  Can.  Ent,  Vol.  XTIL,  p.  141  (1881). 

Expanse  of  wings,  28-30  mm.  Head  ocbreous  brown,  whitish 
between  antennae.  Palpi  rather  long  and  slender,  second  segment 
with  a  small  tuft  of  raised  scales  on  the  upper  side  at  the  extremity. 
Antennae  pale  ochreous,  brownish  beneath ;  thorax  and  abdomen 
pale  brownish  ochreous,  the  latter  striped  longitudinally  with  pale 
brown  lines.  Fore  and  middle  legs  brownish  ochreous  ;  hind  legs 
whitish  ochreous,  tarsi  paler. 

Fore  wings  pale  ochreous,  dusted  more  or  less  with  brownish 
scales,  which  in  some  examples  form  longitudinal  streaks  on  the 
costa  and  basal  half  of  the  median  space;  a  dark- brown  dot  on 
the  base  of  fissure ;  two  brown  dashes  on  the  costa  near  the  apex, 
one  on  the  hind  margin  of  first  lobe  near  the  apex,  usually  four  at 
the  end  of  the  second  lobe  on  veins  2,  3,  4  and  5.  Fringes  con- 
colorous.  Hind  wings,  also  under  side  of  all  the  wings,  cinereous 
brown,  with  a  silky  lustre.  Fringes  darker. 

Habitat.  —  New  York.     Food,  Solidago. 

"  The  larva,  when  first  examined,  August  22,  was  .3  of  an  inch 
long ;  color  light  yellow,  head  and  shield  darker,  the  oblique  anal 
plate  almost  black,  bearing  hairs  and  hooks ;  dorsal  and  subdorsal 
lines  pinkish.  By  the  middle  of  September  it  abandons  the 
branches,  being  then  .45  of  an  inch  in  length,  and  bores  into  the 
stalk  a  few  inches  above  the  ground ;  it  makes  its  way  down 
the  pith  into  the  roots,  well  under  the  ground,  where  it  passes  the 
winter.  I  fetched  several  examples  from  the  fields  in  January  for 
examination;  they  were  then  .58  to  .6  of  an  inch  in  length, 
lighter  in  color,  with  the  longitudinal  lines  of  pink  brighter  than  in 
autumn,  the  eighth  segment  conspicuously  marked  on  the  back  by 
pink.  There  are  few  hairs  over  their  smooth  bodies ;  on  the  last 
ring,  however,  there  is  a  brown  or  black  chitinous  disc,  with  a 
circle  of  long  brown  hairs  about  its  circumference;  in  the  centre 
of  this  disc  there  is  a  small  papilla,  with  two  stout,  straight  black 
teeth,  pointing  rearwards ;  these  teeth  are  hooked  upward  in  the 
autumn  stage.  The  hairs  render  the  plate  sensitive  to  touch,  and 
help  to  brush  fragments  from  their  long,  narrow  galleries,  while  the 
teeth  assist  in  backward  motion  in  them.  The  mature  larvae  ob- 
tained in  May  differ  but  slighty  from  these,  except  that  they 
are  then  .7  of  an  inch  long,  and  the  pink  stripes  and  marks  are 
brownish.  The  fourth,  fifth  and  sixth  segments  are  smaller  than 


50 

those  preceding  or  following  them.     They  are  quite  active,  moving 
up  and  down  their  burrows  rapidly. 

"  By  the  middle  of  May  the  caterpillar  has  worked  its  way  back 
to  the  place  of  entrance  in  autumn,  enlarging  its  way  to  accommo- 
date its  increased  size,  and,  after  loosely  stopping  the  upper  part 
with  a  few  chips,  retires  and  changes  to  the  pupa.  It  is  then  .6 
of  an  inch  in  length,  slender,  cylindrical.  Color  white,  except 
the  oblique  disc  or  plate  terminating  the  head,  which  is  made  dark 
by  many  teeth-like  elevations  on  its  surface.  The  abdominal  seg- 
ments are  clothed  with  hairs,  and  the  last  four  segments  have  each 
a  transverse  row  of  teeth  on  the  dorsal  part,  reminding  one  of  a 
Tortrix  or  Cossus  pupa.  The  conical  tip  of  the  abdomen  has 
many  teeth ;  these  teeth,  together  with  the  roughness  on  the  head, 
enable  the  pupa  to  worm  its  way  up  and  down  the  burrow  with 
readiness.  When  removed  from  the  stem  to  the  table,  it  travels 
about,  rolling  and  worming  its  way  very  much  as  do  the  pupae  of 
certain  stem-boring  beetles.  The  wing  and  limb  covers  are  free 
for  a  considerable  distance  from  their  tips."  (Kellicott.) 

PTEROPHORUS  GRANDIS. 
Lioptilus  grandis  Fish,  Can.  Ent,  Vol.  XIIL,  p.  141  (1881). 

Expanse  of  wings,  34  mm.  Head,  palpi,  antennae,  thorax  and 
abdomen  of  nearly  a  uniform  pale  brownish-ochreous  color.  Legs 
brownish  ochreous,  with  tarsi  somewhat  lighter. 

Fore  wings  pale  brownish  ochreous,  in  some  species  with  a  few 
scattered  faint  brownish  dots  on  the  second  lobe.  Fringes  slightly 
darker.  Hind  wings  very  slightly  browner  than  fore  wings,  with 
the  fringes  still  darker. 

Habitat.  —  California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

PTEROPHORUS  RILEYI,  n.  s. 

Expanse  of  wings,  29-31  mm.  Head,  thorax  and  fore  wings 
pale  brownish  white  or  bone  color.  Back  of  head  and  collar  dull 
cinnamon  brown. 

Fore  wings  more  or  less  sprinkled  with  brown  scales,  especially 
along  the  costa  and  on  the  outer  half  of  the  cell ;  an  oblique  brown 
line  at  the  end  of  the  cell  extends  upward  in  the  direction  of  a 
brown  costal  streak,  between  which  and  the  apex  are  generally  two 
equidistant  brown  dots,  and  there  is  a  similar  one  on  the  cleft 
within  the  apex.  Three  brown  dots  occur  on  the  outer  margin  pf 
the  second  lobe,  one  on  the  apex,  one  on  the  middle  and  one  on  the 
anal  angle.  Hind  wings  pale  fuscous,  darker  than  the  fore  wings. 


51 

Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

Described  from  seven  examples  taken  in  September,  in  Placer 
County,  California,  and  presented  to  the  National  Museum  by  the 
late  Dr.  C.  V.  Riley,  to  whose  memory  I  dedicate  this  species. 

PTEROPHORUS  MONODACTYLUS. 

Alucita  monodactyla  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  X.,  Vol.  I., p  542  (1758). 
Pterophorus  cineridactylus  Fitch,  N.  Y.  Rep.,  Vol.  I.,  p.  848 

(1854). 

Pterophorus  ncevosidactylus  Fitch,  N.  Y.  Rep.,  Vol.  I.,  p  849  (1854) . 
Pterophorus  pergracilidactylus  Pack.,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.,  Vol.  X., 

p.  265  (1873). 
Pterophorus  monodactylus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  39,  Plate 

II.,  fig.  16  ;  Plate  in.,  fig.  1  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  22-26  mm.  Head  and  thorax  pale  gray, 
sprinkled  with  brown  scales.  Palpi  short,  tipped  with  brown; 
autennre  grayish  white,  spotted  with  fuscous  above.  Abdomen 
grayish  ochreous,  striped  with  fuscous  and  brown  scales  on  the 
sides ;  a  dorsal  row  of  brown  dots,  one  at  the  base  of  each  seg- 
ment. Legs  grayish,  with  the  joints  enlarged  and  covered  with 
brownish  hairs ;  a  tuft  of  scales  near  the  middle  of  the  hind  tarsi 
on  the  side  opposite  the  spurs. 

Fore  wings  varying  from  pale  grayish  to  pale  reddish  brown, 
often  mixed  with  white  and  sometimes  with  a  few  black  scales ; 
stripes  or  streaks  of  dark  brown  or  blackish  scales  on  the  costa 
"and  hind  margin;  before  the  fissure  a  brown  spot,  sometimes 
tapering  to  a  point  toward  the  base ;  an  elongated  spot  of  brown 
scales  on  the  costa,  half-way  between  the  latter  and  the  apex,  with 
two  smaller  ones  between  it  and  the  apex ;  one  or  more  small 
blackish  dots  on  one  or  both  lobes  near  the  apex.  Fringes  gray- 
ish, tinged  with  fuscous  on  the  outer  third  of  fissure.  Hind  wings 
gray  or  fuscous,  with  a  silky  lustre ;  fringes  slightly  darker. 

This  species  is  exceedingly  variable  both  in  color  and  markings, 
some  examples  being  very  light  with  but  few  spots,  while  others 
are  reddish  brown. 

Habitat.  —  Europe  ;  Maine  to  California.  Food,  Convolvulus  se- 
ptum. Convolvulus  arvensis,  Chenopodium  album,  Atriplex  patula. 

"  Larva.  —  Length,  when  at  rest,  about  five-eighths  of  an  inch, 
and  stout  in  proportion.  Head  polished  and  rather  small,  nar- 
rower than  the  second  segment.  Body  uniform  and  cylindrical, 
tapering  a  little  posteriorly.  Segmental  divisions  well  defined  and 
deeply  cut  ventrally ;  each  tubercle  emits  a  tuft  of  short  but  rather 
strong  hairs.  Ground  color  bright  yellowish  green,  more  decid- 


52 

edly  green  on  the  back;  head  pale  yellow,  the  mandibles  light 
brown.  A  fine  but  clear  yellowish  white  line  forms  the  dorsal 
stripe ;  there  is  a  much  broader  stripe  of  the  same  color  along  the 
spiracular  region,  and  the  space  between  it  and  the  spiracles  is 
prickled  with  streaks  and  spots  of  the  same  color.  Spiracles 
black,  hairs  grayish.  Ventral  surface,  legs  and  prolegs  uniformly 
pale  green.  The  pupa,  although  attached  by  the  tail,  was  laid  flat 
along  the  top  of  the  cage."  (Porritt.) 

PTEROPHORDS  CRETIDACTYLUS. 

Pterophorus  cretidactylus  Fitch,  N.  Y.  Rep.,  Vol.  I.,  p.  849  (1854). 
(Edematophorus  occidentalis  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  37, 

Plate  II.,  figs.  13,14  (1880). 
Plerophorus  cretidactylus  Fern.,  Can.  Ent,  Vol.   XXV.,  p.  96 

(1893). 

Expanse  of  wings,  26  mm.  Head  whitish  ochreous,  slightly 
tinged  with  fawn  color  on  the  front ;  palpi  fawn  color ;  antennae 
whitish,  faintly  spotted  with  fawn  color ;  thorax  whitish  ochreous. 
Abdomen  fawn  color.  Fore  and  middle  legs  white,  with  dark, 
brush-like  tufts  on  the  joints ;  hind  legs  tinged  with  fawn  color, 
whitish  on  the  inner  sides;  segments  slightly  thickened,  not  an- 
nulated. 

Fore  wings  whitisn  ochreous,  the  costa,  apex  and  hind  margin 
tinged  with  fawn  color ;  a  dark  fawn-colored  spot  before  the  base 
of  the  fissure,  more  or  less  connected  obliquely  with  an  elongated 
spot  of  the  same  color  on  the  costa ;  a  light  space  on  each  side  of 
the  costal  spot.  Fringes  whitish  ochreous,  tinged  with  pale  fawn 
color.  Hind  wings  and  fringes  lustrous,  pale  fawn  color. 

Habitat.  —  New  York,  California.  Early  stages  and  food  plant 
unknown. 

PTEROPHORUS  EUPATORII. 

(Edematophorus  cretidactylus  Zell.,  Lep.  Westk.  Am.,  p.  22  (1874). 
(Edematophorus  cretidactylus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  35 

(1880). 
(Edematophorus  cretidactylus  Kell.,  Bull.  Buf.  Soc.,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  2 

(1882). 
Alucita  eupatorii  Fern.,  Can.  Ent,  Vol.  XXV.,  p.  96  (1893). 

Expanse  of  wings,  22-24  mm.  Head  dull  reddish  brown; 
thorax  pale  brown;  legs  brown,  darker  at  the  middle  and  ends 
of  the  tibiae ;  segments  of  the  tarsi  white  at  the  base  and  brown 
at  the  tips ;  spurs  white  in  the  middle  and  brown  at  the  tips. 


53 

Fore  wings  pale  ochre  yellow,  whitest  on  the  costal  portion,  and 
sprinkled  with  dark-brown  scales  to  such  an  extent  as  to  give  them 
a  wood-brown  color.  These  dark-brown  scales  form  an  antefis- 
sural  spot,  which  in  some  specimens  is  concave  on  the  outside  and 
extended  obliquely  up  and  out,  nearly  reaching  a  dark-brown  cos- 
tal streak  over  the  end  of  the  fissure,  beyond  which  are  two  costal 
dark-brown  spots,  the  first  of  which  is  the  smaller.  The  brown  on 
the  second  lobe  sometimes  gives  this  part  of  the  wing  a  streaked 
appearance.  Fringes  smoke  brown,  cut  with  whitish  once  on  the 
first  lobe  and  twice  on  the  outer  margin  of  the  hind  lobe.  Hind 
wings  and  fringes  brownish  cinereous. 

Habitat. — New  York,  California,  Vancouver  Island.  Food, 
Eupatorium  purpureum. 

"Larva. — Length,  0.55  of  an  inch;  color  of  skin  greenish, 
striped  with  wine  color  and  white ;  hairs  dusky,  lighter  laterally. 
Dorsal  line  white,  interrupted  with  circles  and  bordered  laterally 
with  wine  color.  That  part  of  the  dorsal  space  in  which  the 
tubercles  stand,  much  lighter  in  hue;  subdorsal  and  stigmatal 
lines  white,  bounded  by  the  same  shade  as  the  dorsal.  Head 
light  green,  spiracles  ringed  with  brown. 

"Pupa.  —  Color,  green,  ornamented  with  wine-colored  and 
white  lines.  It  has  the  same  size  and  habits  as  homodactylus ;  the 
tubercles  are  similar.  It  is  a  little  thicker,  the  anterior  end  more 
obtusely  truncated  and  less  bilobed.  The  hairy  clothing  similar 
to  liomodactylus,  but  the  hairs  not  so  smooth  as  in  that  pupa." 
(Kellicott.) 

PTEROPHORUS  GUTTATUS. 

(Ed&inatophorus  guttatus  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  36,  Plate  II., 
fig.  12  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  25  mm.  Head  and  palpi  whitish,  sprinkled 
with  cinereous,  the  palpi  fuscous  at  the  sides  ;  thorax  and  abdomen 
whitish  cinereous.  Hind  legs  white,  with  two  slightly  fuscous 
annulatious. 

Fore  wings  whitish  cinereous,  paler  at  the  base,  dusted  with 
fuscous  scales  toward  the  costa  and  hind  margin ;  a  white  spot, 
generally  bordered  on  the  inner  edge  by  two  fuscous  scales,  lies  at 
the  base  of  the  fissure ;  another  similar  spot  is  sometimes  indi- 
cated before  the  middle  of  the  hind  margin.  Fringes  of  the  outer 
margin  and  fissure  cinereous  fuscous,  slightly  interrupted  with 
whitish.  Hind  wings  pale  cinereous.  Fringes  paler. 

Habitat.  —  California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 


PTEROPHORUS  CINERACEUS. 
(Edematophorus  cineraceus  Fish,  Can.  Ent.,  Vol.  XIII.,  p.  73  (1881). 

Expanse  of  wings,  28  mm.  Front  of  bead  dark  grayish  brown, 
vertex  pale  cinereous.  Palpi  grayish  brown,  ascending,  third  seg- 
ment short.  Antennae  cinereous,  dotted  above  with  dark  brown. 
Abdomen  cinereous,  marked  with  reddish-brown  scales.  Legs 
brownish  cinereous,  sprinkled  with  dark-brown  scales ;  a  band  on 
the  middle  and  on  the  end  of  the  middle  tibiae  dark  grayish  brown, 
spurs  tipped  with  dark  brown ;  tarsi  whitish  cinereous,  slightly 
brownish  at  extreme  end  of  segments. 

Fore  wings  cinereous,  tinged  with  brownish,  and  very  thinly 
sprinkled  with  dark-brown  scales.  These  scales  form  a  median 
spot  before  the  base  of  the  fissure,  bordered  on  the  outside  with 
white.  A  longitudinal  brown  spot  occurs  on  the  costa  opposite 
the  base  of  the  fissure,  and  two  smaller  ones  toward  the  apex. 
Fringes  brownish  cinereous.  Hind  wings  and  fringes  brownish 
cinereous. 

Habitat.  — Washington.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

PTEROPHORUS  BARONI. 
(Edematophorus  Baroni  Fish,  Can.  Ent.,  Vol.  XIII.,  p.  73  (1881). 

Expanse  of  wings,  30  mm.  Front  of  head  brownish  cinereous, 
vertex  lighter.  Palpi  rather  stout,  third  segment  very  short  and 
blunt.  Antennae  pale  cinereous,  dotted  above  with  dark  brown. 
Thorax  and  abdomen  pale  brownish  cinereous,  the  latter  marked 
dorsally  by  a  row  of  fine  black  dots  on  each  segment  beyond  the 
third.  Anterior  and  middle  femora  brownish  cinereous,  tibiae 
grayish,  tarsi  whitish  cinereous.  Hind  femora  and  tibiae  pale 
brownish  cinereous,  spurs  short,  tipped  with  black. 

Fore  wings  brownish  cinereous,  ochreous  on  the  inner  margin 
and  second  lobe,  the  whole  surface  sprinkled  with  fine  black  scales. 
Fringes  concolorous  with  the  wings.  Hind  wings  and  fringes  dark 
cinereous. 

Habitat.  — California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

PTEROPHORUS  GRATIOSUS. 

(Edematophorus  gratiosus  Fish,  Can.  Ent.,  Vol.  XIII.,  p.  73  (1881). 

Expanse  of  wings,  22  mm.  Head  and  palpi  dark  brown ;  an- 
tennae pale  brownish,  dotted  above  with  white  and  dark-brown 
scales.  Thorax  grayish  brown,  anterior  portion  lighter.  Abdo- 


55 

men  fawn  brown.  Legs  grayish  brown,  tarsi  pale  cinereous, 
slightly  darker  on  the  extremities  of  segments. 

Fore  wings  pale  cinereous,  dusted  with  dark  brown ;  an  oblique 
brown  spot  occurs  before  the  base  of  the  fissure  and  a  longitudinal 
brown  costal  line  nearly  opposite  the  base  of  fissure.  Fringes 
concolorous  with  wings.  Hind  wings  and  fringes  brownish  cin- 
ereous, third  feather  whitish. 

Habitat.  —  California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

PTEROPHORUS  LUGUBRIS. 
(Edematophoms  lugubris  Fish,  Can.  Ent,  Vol.  XIII.,  p.  140  (1881). 

Expanse  of  wings,  27-29  mm.  Head  and  palpi  dark  smoky 
brown.  Antennae  dotted  above  with  white  and  blackish  scales. 
Thorax  light  smoky  brown.  Abdomen  slender,  dark  smoky 
brown,  thickly  sprinkled  with  very  dark  scales.  Legs  grayish 
brown,  the  middle  tibiae  whitish  just  before  the  middle  and  end ; 
all  the  tarsi  whitish  at  base  of  joints ;  spurs  whitish  at  base. 

Fore  wings  dark  smoky  gray,  dusted  with  dark  brown  scales ;  a 
longitudinal  black  dash  on  the  costa,  opposite  the  base  of  fissure ; 
an  obscure  blackish  spot  before  the  base  of  fissure,  bordered  out- 
wardly by  gray  scales.  Faint  indications  of  two  smaller  blackish 
spots  on  the  costal  margin  of  anterior  lobe.  Fringes  smoky  gray, 
with  a  few  whitish  hairs  on  the  hind  margin  of  anterior  lobe  near 
the  apex.  Hind  wings  and  fringes,  as  well  as  under  side  of  wings, 
cinereous. 

Habitat.  —  California.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

PTEROPHORUS  GRISESCENS. 

(Edematophorus  grisescensWlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  34,  Plate  II., 
fig.  11  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  29  mm.  Head  and  palpi  gray,  with  a  fus- 
cous tinge  on  the  apex  of  the  palpi.  Antennae  spotted  with  gray 
and  fuscous.  Thorax  and  abdomen  grayish,  sprinkled  with  fus- 
cous. Legs  grayish  white,  tinged  on  the  segments  and  on  the  tips 
of  the  spurs  with  fuscous. 

Fore  wings  gray,  slightly  spotted  with  white  and  dusted  with 
fuscous  scales,  the  hind  portion  touched  with  ferruginous.  A 
white  space  on  the  costa  before  the  base  of  the  fissure,  and  another 
beyond  and  obliquely  connected  by  whitish  scales  with  the  base  of 
fissure  \  a  whitish  spot  before  the  middle  of  the  hind  margin  and 
an  indistinct  fuscous  spot  above  it.  Fringes  mottled  with  white 


56 

and   grayish  fuscous.      Hind   wings   cinereous;    fringes  whitish 
mixed  with  gray. 

Habitat.  —  Southern  Oregon.     Food,  Artemisia. 

PTEROPHORUS  INQUINATUS. 

(Edematophorus  inquinatus  Zell.,  Beitr.,  p.  125  (1873). 
(Edematophorus  ambrosice  Murtf.,  Am.  Ent.,  Vol.  Ill , 
p.  236  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  19  mm.  Head  and  thorax  gray,  spotted  with 
white ;  palpi  small,  porrect,  acute,  whitish,  touched  with  brown 
outwardly.  Antennae  whitish,  spotted  with  brownish,  white  at  the 
base  on  the  under  side.  Abdomen  gray. 

Fore  wings  dust  gray,  thickly  dusted  with  white  and  brown 
scales  forming  scattered  flecks  or  blotches,  one  of  which  is  gen- 
erally present  on  the  middle  of  the  space  between  the  base  of  the 
wing  and  the  fissure ;  a  larger  one  before  the  fissure  and  separated 
from  it  by  a  whitish  space,  against  which  its  oblique  outer  margin 
is  excavated ;  below  this  is  a  longitudinal  streak  of  scales,  bor- 
dered basally  by  a  white  spot  and  separated  from  the  spot  before 
the  fissure  by  a  whitish  space.  Two  blackish  streaks  or  spots  oc- 
cur on  the  costa,  the  larger  one  above  the  base  of  fissure,  the  other 
half-way  between  it  and  the  apex  of  the  wing.  Fringes  grayish, 
cut  with  white  under  the  apices  of  the  lobes  and  on  the  anal 
angles,  where  there  is  a  white  wisp.  A  similar  wisp  before  the 
apex  and  on  the  anal  angle  of  the  second  lobe.  A  brown  dot 
sometimes  rests  on  the  base  of  each  of  the  three  wisps.  Hind 
wings  brownish  gray,  a  diffuse  brown  dot  on  the  apex  of  each 
feather  or  at  least  on  the  first.  Fringes  brighter. 

Habitat.  — Alabama,  Texas,  Missouri,  Colorado,  Arizona.  Food, 
Rag- weed  (Ambrosia  artemisicefoUa) . 

"Larva  —  Length,  0.35;  diameter,  0.09.  Form  depressed. 
Color,  pale  greenish  gray,  with  very  characteristic  dark  markings 
and  lateral  tufts  of  long,  white  silken  hairs.  Head  small,  light 
brown,  corneous,  retractile.  Segment  1  with  a  dilated,  partially 
free  shield-like  collar,  covering  top  and  projecting  over  the  head. 
The  ornamentation  of  this  collar  consists  of  five  central  minute 
brown  dots,  with  four  still  smaller  black  ones  on  each  side,  from 
each  of  which  proceeds  a  short  curving  bristle.  The  project- 
ing edges  fringed  with  soft  light  hairs.  Segments  2  and  3 
gradually  broadening  backward,  ornamented  on  dorsum  with  two 
oblong,  pale  brown  spots  on  either  side  of  a  triangle  of  very 
minute  black  dots,  and  having  a  larger  black  dot  on  each  outer 


57 

side.  Two  short  bristles  arise  from  each  of  the  more  conspicuous 
spots.  Abdominal  segments  each  with  four  somewhat  elevated 
brown  spots,  from  which  proceed  single,  short,  backward  curv- 
ing bristles.  Between  the  posterior  pair  of  brown  spots  are  two 
smaller  black  ones,  each  of  which  forms  the  base  of  a  very  short 
clubbed  piliferous  process,  which  turns  backward,  resting  flat  upon 
the  surface. 

"The  stigmata  are  annulated  with  black,  and  obliquely  above 
and  forward  of  each  are  two  small  brown  dots.  The  lateral  tufts 
are  below  the  stigmata,  and  each  is  composed  of  from  seven  to 
nine  long  hairs,  which  under  the  lens  are  remot'ely  pectinate.  A 
little  above  and  back  of  each  of  these  tufts  is  a  semicircle  of  fine, 
scale-like  bristles.  The  prolegs  are  very  short. 

"  Pupa.  —  Length,  0.25.  Swollen  and  blunt  anteriorly.  Color 
pale  fulvous,  with  a  roseate  hue  on  dorsum.  Dorsal  surface  beset 
with  tufts  of  dingy  hairs,  with  a  lateral  fringe  of  single  straight 
hairs,  which  serve  to  secure  it  more  firmly  to  the  mat  of  silk  upon 
which  it  rests.  Dorsum  marked  near  the  head  with  two  large, 
dull-brown  spots  and  an  indistinct  longitudinal  stripe  of  the  same 
color  on  the  abdomen.  On  either  side  of  the  thorax  is  a  small, 
velvety  dark-brown  dot."  (Murtfeldt.) 

GENUS  STENOPTILIA  Hub.,  Verz.,  p.  430  (1826). 

Vertex  smooth ;  front  cone-shaped,  smoothly  scaled  ;  palpi  ex- 
tending beyond  the  frontal  projection,  the  second  segment  some- 
what triangular,  with  projecting  scales  above  at  the  end,  the  third 
segment  very  small  and  cylindrical.  Fore  wings  fissured  about 
one-third  of  their  length,  the  lobes  narrow  and  with  very  oblique 
outer  margins,  but  with  more  or  less, distinctly  visible  anal  angles. 
The  feathers  of  the  hind  wings  are  dissimilar  in  form :  the  first  is 
the  widest ;  the  second  is  smaller,  and  has  a  long,  produced  apex ; 
the  third  is  linear,  without  dark  scales  in  the  hind  fringe.  The 
venation  is  complete,  as  shown  on  Plate  III.,  figs.  1  and  2. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  SPECIES. 

^      (  Expanse  of  wings  less  than  15  mm., .        .        .        .         .   immilio. 
(  Expanse  of  wings  more  than  15  mm.,        .....      2. 

2      <  With  a  dark-brown  streak  on  the  middle  of  first  lobe,      .        .      3. 
I  Without  a  dark  streak  on  the  middle  of  first  lobe,    ...      4. 
(  First  lobe  of  fore  wings  without  an  oblique  white  stripe, 
j  ptcrodactyla. 

1  First  lobe  of  fore  wings  with  a  subterininal  oblique  white 
^     stripe,      .        .        ,.        .        ^    ""'*'        .        .        .     colvradensis. 


58 

x  Second  lobe  with  a  more  or  less  complete  brown  streak , 
4.    )  semicostata. 

\.  Second  lobe  without  any  trace  of  a  brown  streak,  ...  .  .  5. 
J  Two  fuscous  spots  before  the  end  of  the  fissure,  .  cxclamalionis. 
\  One  fuscous  spot  before  the  end  of  the  fissure, .  .  .  menyeli. 

STENOPTILIA  PUMILIO. 
Mimeseoptilus pumilio  Zell.,  Beitr.,  p.  124  (1873). 

Expanse  of  wings,  12  mm.  Head  reddish  gray,  front  whitish; 
palpi  very  thin,  filiform,  horizontal,  whitish.  Antennae  pale  gray, 
white  towards  the  base  on  the  outside.  Thorax  reddish  gray. 
Abdomen  yellowish  white  at  the  base  and  end.  Legs  slender, 
white,  the  first  pair  of  spurs  on  hind  tibiae  unusually  long. 

Fore  wings  unusually  short  and  broad,  very  bright  fawn  color, 
darkest  on  the  costal  margin  of  the  anterior  lobe;  costal  vein 
white  for  two  thirds  of  its  length ;  a  long  blackish  streak  on  the 
fold  at  the  basal  fourth  of  the  wing ;  a  long,  conspicuous  point  in 
the  middle  between  this  and  the  fissure,  and  before  these  one  or 
two  long,  confused  flecks.  Fringe  of  anterior  lobe  white  or  gray, 
with  scattered  black  scales,  with  two  black,  somewhat  commingled 
dots  on  the  outer  margin  near  the  anal  angle.  Fringe  of  the 
second  lobe  gray,  thickly  sprinkled  with  deep  black  scales,  which 
are  united  with  three  black  spots  on  the  hind  margin ;  at  the  apex 
it  is  whitish,  and  marked  with  a  row  of  unequal,  somewhat  com- 
mingled dots,  which  do  not  reach  to  the  base  of  the  fringe.  Hind 
wings  brownish  gray,  with  much  lighter  fringes.  On  the  apex  of 
the  first  and  second  feathers  a  small  black  dot  may  be  seen  in  cer- 
tain lights,  most  distinct  on  the  under  side,  where  the  apex  of  the 
third  feather  is  dark  brown. 

Habitat.  — Texas.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

STENOPTILIA  PTERODACTYL  A. 
Alucita  pterodaclyla  Linn.,  Faun.  Suec.,  p  371  (1761). 

Expanse  of  wings,  21-24  mm.  Head  ashy  brown ;  palpi  long, 
acuminate,  whitish  at  the  tips ;  antennae  brownish  above,  whitish 
beneath.  Thorax  ashy  brown,  with  a  few  darker  scales.  Abdo- 
men fuscous,  striped  with  pale  ochreous  lines  and  with  a  few  dark- 
brown  dots  at  the  ends  of  the  segments.  Legs  ochreous  brown  on 
the  outside,  whitish  on  the  inner  sides,  tarsi  very  pale  ochreous. 

Fore  wings  reddish  brown,  the  entire  costa  and  the  apex  of  the 
second  lobe  heavily  sprinkled  with  dark-brown  scales ;  a  dark- 
brown  reniform  spot  at  the  base  of  the  fissure.  Fringes  ashy 


59 

brown,  with  a  very  pale  line  at  their  bases.  Hind  wings  fuscous 
with  ashy  brown  fringes. 

Habitat.  —  Europe,  New  York.  Food,  Speedwell  (  Veronica 
chamoudrys) . 

"Larva.  —  Length,  about  five-eighths  of  an  inch,  and  scarcely 
so  stout  as  seems  usual  in  the  genus.  Head  small,  and  narrower 
than  the  second  segment ;  it  is  polished,  rather  flat  in  front,  but 
rounded  at  the  sides.  Body  cylindrical,  of  fairly  uniform  width, 
but  tapering  a  little  at  the  extremities ;  segmental  divisions  well 
defined;  the  skin,  with  a  soft  and  half-transparent  appearance, 
is  sparingly  clothed  with  short  hairs.  There  are  two  varieties, 
which  are  perhaps  about  equally  numerous.  In  one  of  them  the 
ground  color  is  a  bright  grass  green ;  in  the  other  it  is  equally 
yellow  green;  in  both  forms  the  head  is  pale  yellowish  brown, 
very  prettily  reticulated  with  intense  black.  The  dark-green,  or, 
in  some  of  the  specimens,  dark-brown  alimentary  canal  forms  the 
dorsal  stripe ;  subdorsal  lines  rather  indistinct,  grayish  white ; 
below  there  is  a  still  more  indistinct  waved  line  of  the  same  color ; 
there  is,  again,  a  similarly  colored  faint  line  along  the  spiracular 
region,  and  the  segmental  divisions  are  also  of  this  pale  color.  In 
some  specimens  the  hairs  are  gray;  in  others,  brown.  Ventral 
surface  uniformly  of  the  same  color  as  the  ground  of  the  dorsal 
area ;  the  legs  reticulated  and  the  prolegs  tipped  with  black. 

"  Papa.  — The  pupa  is  attached  by  the  tail  only,  is  rather  long, 
but  slender.  The  head,  which  is  the  thickest  part,  is  abruptly 
rounded,  and  has  the  snout  very  prominent ;  thorax  and  abdomen 
rounded  above,  rather  flattened  beneath,  and  attenuated  strongly 
to  the  anal  point ;  eye,  leg  and  wing  cases  fairly  prominent,  the 
last  prolonged  a  considerable  distance  over  the  abdominal  seg- 
ments." (Porritt.) 

STENOPTILIA  EXCLAMATIONIS. 

Mimeseoptilus  exclamationis  Wlsm.,  Pter.  Cal.  and  Ore.,  p.  32,  Plate  III., 
fig.  10  (1880). 

Expanse  of  wings,  22  mm.  Head  and  palpi  above,  gray,  with 
brown  scales  on  the  sides  and  beneath  the  palpi ;  thorax  gray, 
with  a  brown  spot  on  the  top.  Antennae  brownish  gray.  Abdo- 
men ochreous  brown.  Legs  brownish  above,  whitish  beneath ; 
feet  white. 

Fore  wings  gray,  sprinkled  with  fuscous ;  costa  fuscous ;  a  row 
of  fuscous  spots  runs  from  the  base  along  under  the  cell  for  one- 
third  the  length  of  the  wing ;  a  small  fuscous  dash  under  the  costa 


60 

before  the  middle.  Two  fuscous  spots  before  the  eud  of  the  fis- 
sure, and  beyond  them,  on  the  first  lobe,  a  fuscous  dash,  pointing 
toward  the  upper  spot,  both  together  forming  an  exclamation 
point ;  above,  the  costa  is  spotted  with  fuscous.  Fringes  around 
the  fissure  white ;  along  the  outer  margin  cinereous,  with  a  fus- 
cous line  at  their  base,  but  interrupted  with  white  on  the  middle 
of  the  anterior  and  at  the  upper  angle  of  the  posterior  lobe.  Hind 
wings  fuscous,  with  brownish  scales.  Fringes  brownish. 

Habitat.  —  California,  Oregon.  Early  stages  and  food  plant 
unknown. 

STENOPTILIA  MENGELI,  n.  s. 

Expanse  of  wings,  20  mm.  Head,  palpi,  thorax,  abdomen  and 
legs  dark  ashy  gray.  A  fine  white  line  occurs  over  each  eye. 

Fore  wings  ashy  gray  and  glistening ;  a  few  dark  fuscous  scales 
on  the  first  lobe  form  an  ill-defined  longitudinal  stripe  on  the  mid- 
dle ;  a  fuscous  spot  at  the  end  of  the  cleft  and  a  less  distinct  one 
on  the  middle  of  the  cell.  Hind  wings  ashy  gray.  Allied  to  S. 
exclamationis  and  S.  semicostata. 

Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

Described  from  ten  specimens,  in  poor  condition,  in  the  collec- 
tion of  the  American  Entomological  Society,  taken  by  Mr.  L.  W. 
Mengel  at  McCormack's  Bay,  North  Greenland.  In  the  "  Ento- 
mological News,"  Vol.  V.,  p.  129,  I  gave  an  account  of  McCor- 
mack's Bay,  where  these  insects  were  taken. 

STENOPTILIA  SEMICOSTATA. 
Mimeseoptilus  semicostatus  Zell.,  Beitr.,  p.  123  (1873). 

Expanse  of  wings,  18  mm.  Head  grayish,  with  a  fine  white 
line  above  the  eyes.  Antennae  grayish,  white  toward  the  base. 
Thorax  dusted  with  brown  in  front,  whitish  behind.  Abdomen 
slender,  pale  yellowish,  with  two  black  dots  on  the  end  of  each  of 
the  three  segments  before  the  last.  Legs  whitish. 

Fore  wings  brownish  gray,  shading  into  pale  reddish  ochre  along 
the  hind  margin  and  upon  both  lobes.  In  the  middle  of  the  space, 
between  the  base  and  the  fissure,  is  a  black  dot.  At  the  fissure, 
at  the  beginning  of  the  second  lobe,  is  a  similar  dot,  and  above  it, 
in  one  example,  is  a  larger  but  very  distinct  wisp-like  mark.  One 
example  has  in  the  middle  of  each  lobe  a  fine,  brown  longitudinal 
streak ;  upon  the  first  lobe  it  is  short  and  in  the  middle,  upon  the 
second  it  is  long  and  reaches  quite  to  the  hind  margin.  Fringes 
of  hind  margin  of  first  lobe  whitish  at  the  base,  gray  outwardly ; 
fringe  of  outer  margin  pure  white  with  two  black  dots,  one  behind 


61 

the  other.  Fringes  of  second  lobe  gray,  dark  outwardly  except  at 
the  apex,  where  they  are  white  with  two  black  dots.  Hind  wings 
brownish  gray ;  fringes  dark  gray,  with  a  clear  fine  line  at  their 
base  and  around  the  apex  of  the  first  two  feathers. 

Habitat.  — Texas.     Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

STENOPTILIA  COLORADENSIS,  n.  s. 

Expanse  of  wings,  17-24  mm.  Head  and  front  half  of  thorax 
dark  ashy  gray ;  hind  part  of  thorax  much  lighter  towards  the 
abdomen,  which  is  ashy  gray  above  and  lighter  beneath.  A  fine 
whitish  longitudinal  line  occurs  on  each  side  of  the  head,  over  the 
eyes. 

Fore  wings  with  a  dark-brown  stripe  along  the  costa,  which 
widens  outwardly  to  include  the  whole  of  the  first  lobe,  which  is 
more  or  less  sprinkled  with  white  scales,  especially  on  the  middle 
of  the  wing  and  at  the  base  and  near  the  end  of  the  first  lobe,  the 
two  latter  forming  two  more  or  less  defined  oblique  white  stripes, 
the  outer  one  of  which  is  much  more  oblique  and  narrower  than 
the  one  above  the  end  of  the  fissure.  Hind  half  of  the  wing  much 
lighter,  with  a  somewhat  indistinct  brown  spot  on  the  middle  of 
the  cell  and  another  just  within  the  end  of  the  cleft.  Fringes 
brownish,  with  a  sub-basal  darker  line.  Hind  wings  and  fringes 
grayish  brown. 

Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

Described  from  four  examples  from  Colorado. 

ORNEODID^E. 

This  family  is  not  so  closely  related  to  the  Pterophoridse  as  was 
supposed  by  the  early  entomologists,  and  is  introduced  here  merely 
because  there  is  only  a  single  species  known  in  this  country;  and, 
as  it  is  placed  near  the  Pterophoridae  in  collections,  generally,  it 
may  be  convenient  to  treat  of  it  here. 

M\\  Meyrick  has  given  the  following  characters  :  — 
Ocelli  distinct.     Tongue  developed.     Maxillary  palpi  obsolete. 
Fore  wings  six-cleft,  cell  very  short,  vein  5  absent,  7  separate,  8 
and  9  coincident.     Hind  wings  six-cleft,  cell  very  short,  5  absent, 
7  out  of  6  near  origin,  8  free. 

GENUS  ORNEODES  Latr.,  Free.  d.  Car.,  p.  148  (1796). 

Labial  palpi  long,  obliquely  ascending,  second  segment  tufted, 
third  segment  long  and  slim.  Veins  5,  6,  9  and  10  wanting  in 
the  fore  wings. 


62 

The  following  well-known  European  species  occurs  in  the 
western  part  of  this  country :  — 

ORNEODES  HEXAPACTYLA. 

Alucita  hexadactyla  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  Ed.  X.,  Vol.  II., 

p.  542  (1758). 
Alucita  montana  Ckll.,  MS.,  Ent.  Mon.  Mag.,  Vol.  XXV , 

p.  213  (1889). 

Expanse  of  wings,  13-16  mm.     Head  and  thorax  dark  gray. 

Fore  wings  ochreous  gray,  with  two  dark-gray  bands  edged 
with  whitish  crossing  them ;  the  first  on  the  middle  of  the  wing 
and  wider  on  the  costa,  where  it  is  interrupted  in  the  middle  by  a 
white  edged  gray  spot ;  the  second  is  subterminal,  and  wider  on 
the  middle  of  the  wing.  A  dark  spot  on  the  costa  between  the 
bands,  and  two  others  before  the  first  band.  A  dark-brown  or 
black  dot  on  the  apex  of  each  of  the  feathers  of  both  wings ; 
feathers  of  the  hind  wings  whitish  and  dotted  with  dark  gray. 

Habitat. — Europe,  Missouri,  California,  Oregon,  Canada,  Mani- 
toba. Food,  Lonicera. 

The  eggs  are  laid  in  the  early  spring,  on  the  flower-buds  of  the 
honey -suckle,  and  the  larvae,  when  hatched,  feed  inside  of  the  buds 
and  flowers. 


Explanation  of  Plate  I. 


EXTERNAL  ANATOMY  OF  PTEROPHOBUS  MONODACTYLUS. 

[All  the  drawings  enlarged.] 

Fig.    1.  Side  view  of  denuded  body  of  male. 

Fig.    2.  Top  view  of  denuded  body  of  male. 

Fig.    3.  Top  view  of  head. 

Fig.    4.  Front  view  of  head. 

Fig.    5.  Labial  palpus. 

Fig.    6.  Base  of  tongue  and  labrum. 

Fig.    7.  Antenna  of  male. 

Fig.    8.  Fore  leg. 

Fig.    9.  Tibial  epiphysis. 

Fig.  10.  Middle  leg. 

Fig.  11.  Hind  leg. 

Fig.  12.  Portion  of  hind  tibia,  showing  tuft  of  scales. 

Fig.  13.  Claw  from  the  hind  leg. 


65 


Flale  I. 


66 


Explanation  of  Plate  II. 


Fig.  1.  Fore  wing  of  Platyptilia  carduidactyla,  showing  veins  numbered.  A, 
apex  of  first  lobe ;  B,  anal  angle  of  first  lobe ;  C,  apex  of  second  lobe ;  />,  anal 
angle  of  second  lobe. 

Fig.  2.    Hind  wing  of  Platyptilia  carduidactyla,  showing  veins  numbered. 

Fig.  3.    Fore  wing  of  Oxyptilus  periscelidactylus. 

Fig.  4.    Hind  wing  of  Oxyptilus  periscelidactylus. 

Fig.  5.    Fore  wing  of  Alucita  cinerascens. 

Fig.  6.    Hind  wing  of  Alucita  cinerascens. 


67 


F»lnte  II. 


/2 


(58 


Explanation  of  Plate  III. 


Fig.  l.  Fore  wing  of  Stenoptilia  exclamationis. 

Fig.  2.  Hind  wing  of  Stenoptilia  exclamationis. 

Fig.  3.  Fore  wing  of  Pterophorus  monodactylus. 

Fig.  4.  Hind  wing  of  Pterophorus  monodactylus. 

Fig.  5.  Fore  wing  of  Pterophorus  inquinatus. 

Fig.  6.  Hind  wing  of  Pterophorus  inquinatus. 


69 


Plato  III. 


70 


Explanation  of  Plate  IV. 


MALE  GENITALTA  OF  FTEROPIIOKID^E. 

[Parts  of  the  genitalia :  A,  dorsal  plate;  B,  uncus;   C,  clasp;   D,  ventral  plate;  E,  elongated 
internal  chitinous  appendage.] 

Fig.   1.  Pterophorus  homodactylus,  side  view. 

Fig.  2.  Pterophorus  homodactylus,  top  view. 

Fig.   3.  Pterophorus  inquinatus,  side  view. 

Fig.   4.  Pterophorus  inquinatus,  top  view. 

Fig.    5.  Pterophorus  kelliCOttii,  view  of  inside  of  left  clasper. 

Fig.   6.  Pterophorus  kellicottii,  top  view. 

Fig.   7.  Pterophorus  stramineus,  side  view. 

Fig.   8.  Pterophorus  stramineus,  outside  of  left  clasper. 

Fig.   9.  Pterophorus  subochraceus,  side  view. 

Fig.  10.  Pterophorus  sulphureodactylus,  side  view. 

Fig.  11.  Pterophorus  sulphureodactylus,  dorsal  plate. 

Fig.  12.  Pterophorus  lugubris,  view  of  inside  of  left  clasper. 

Fig.  13.  Pterophorus  lugubris,  top  view. 


71 


Flute  IV. 


13 


72 


Explanation  of  Plate  V. 


MALK  GENITALIA  OF 

Fig.  l.  Oxyptilus  periscelidactylus,  side  view. 

Fig.    2.  Oxyptilus  periscelidactylus,  view  from  beneath. 

Fig.  3.  Pterophorus  sulphureodactylus,  side  view. 

Fig.   4.  Pterophorus  sulphureodactylus,  top  view  of  dorsal  plate. 

Fig.  5.  Pterophorus  cineraceus,  side  view. 

Fig.   6.  Pterophorus  cineraceus,  top  view  of  dorsal  plate. 

Fig.   7.  Platyptilia  adusta,  side  view. 

Fig.  8.  Platyptilia  adusta,  top  view. 

Fig.  9.  Pterophorus  grandis,  side  view. 

Fig.  10.  Pterophorus  grandis,  top  view. 

Fig.  11.  Alucita  montana,  side  view. 

Fig.  12.  Alucita  montana,  top  view. 

Fig.  13.  Trichoptilus  ochrodactylus,  side  view. 

Fig.  14.  Trichoptilus  ochrodactylus,  top  view. 

Fig.  15.  Pterophorus  eupatorii,  side  view. 

Fig.  16.  Pterophorus  eupatorii,  top  view  of  dorsal  plate  and  uncus. 


73 


Plate 


16 


74 


Explanation  of  Plate  VI. 


MALE  GENITALIA  OF'PTEKOPIIORIDJK. 

Fig.   1.  Oxyptilus  ningoris,  side  view. 

Fig.   2.  Oxyptilus  ningoris,  top  view. 

Fig.    3.  Oxyptilus  ningoris,  view  from  beneath. 

Fig.   4.  Oxyptilus  tenuidactylus,  side  view. 

Fig.   f>.  Oxyptilus  tenuidactylus,  top  view. 

Fig.    6.  Oxyptilus  tenuidactylus,  view  from  beneath. 

Fig.   7.  Oxyptilus  delawaricus,  side  view. 

Fig.   8.  Oxyptilus  delawaricus,  top  view. 

Fig.   9.  Pterophorus  cretidactylus,  side  view. 

Fig.  10.  Pterophorus  cretidactylus,  top  view  of  dorsal  plate 

and  uncus. 

Fig.  11.  Orneodes  hexadactyla,  side  view. 

Fig.  12.  Orneodes  hexadactyla,  top  view. 

Fig.  13.  Orneodes  hexadactyla,  view  from  beneath. 

Fig.  14.  Pterophorus  ambrosise,  side  view. 

Fig.  15.  Pterophorus  ambrosise,  top  v!ew. 

Fig.  16.  Pterophorus  ambrosiae,  view  of  inside  of  right  clasper. 

Fig.  17.  Pterophorus  ambrosise,  view  of  inside  of  left  claeper. 


75 


Plate  "VI. 


76 


Explanation  of  Plate  VII. 


GKNITALIA  OF  PTEUOPIIOKIDJK. 

Fig.  1.  Pterophorus  monodactylus,  side  view. 

Fig.   2.  Pterophorus  monodactylus,  top  view. 

Fig.    3.  Pterophorus  monodactylus,  inside  view  of  right  clasper. 

Fig.    4.  Pterophorus  monodactylus,  inside  view  of  left  clasper. 

Fig.   5.  Pterophorus  monodactylus,  female. 

Fig.  6.  Platyptilia  edwardsii,  side  view. 

Fig.   7.  Platyptilia  edwardsii,  top  view. 

Fig.   8.  Platyptilia  carduidactyla,  side  view. 

Fig.   9.  Platyptilia  carduidactyla,  top  view. 

Fig.  10.  Platyptilia  carduidactyla,  view  of  inside  of  left  clasper. 

Fig.  11.  Platyptilia  carduidactyla,  ventral  plate. 

Fig.  12.  Trichoptilus  lobidactylus,  side  view. 

Fig.  13.  Trichoptilus  lobidactylus,  top  view. 

Fig.  14.  Trichoptilus  lobidactylus  outside  view  of  left  clasper. 


77 


Plate  "VET. 


11 


78 


Explanation  of  Plate  VIII. 


MALE  GEN  IT  A  LI  A  OF  PTEROPHORID^E. 

Fig.   1.  Pterophorus  elliottii,  side  view. 

Fig.   2.  Pterophorus  elliottii,  top  view. 

Fig.   3.  Stenoptilia  exclamationis,  side  view.* 

Fig.  4.  Stenoptilia  exclamationis,  top  view.* 

Fig.   5.  Platyptilia  albidorsella,  side  view. 

Fig.   6.  Platyptilia  albidorsella,  top  view. 

Fig.   7.  Platyptilia  albidorsella,  end  view  of  uncus. 

Fig.   8.  Platyptilia  tesseradactyla,  Bide  view. 

Fig.  9.  Platyptilia  tesseradactyla,  top  view. 

Fig.  10.  Platyptilia  albida,  side  view. 

Fig.  11.  Platyptilia  albida,  top  view. 

Fig.  12.  Platyptilia  albicans,  side  view. 

Fig.  13.  Platyptilia  albicans,  top  view. 

Fig.  14.  Platyptilia  percnodactyla,  side  view. 

Fig.  15.  Platyptilia  percnodactyla,  top  view. 

The  uncus  is  wanting  in  the  specimens  from  which  these  drawings  were  made. 


79 


Flate 


80 


Explanation  of  Plate  IX. 


MALE  GENITALIA  OF  PTEROPHORIDJE. 

Fig.   1.  Platyptilia  cosmodactyla,  side  view. 

Fig.   2.  Platyptilia  cosmodactyla,  top  view. 

Fig.  3.  Platyptilia  cosmodactyla,  end  of  uncns. 

Fig.   4.  Platyptilia  marginidactyla,  side  view. 

Fig.   5.  Platyptilia  marginidactyla,  top  view. 

Fig.  6.  Platyptilia  albiciliata,  side- view. 

Fig.   7.  Platyptilia  albiciliata,  top  view. 

Fig.   8.  Platyptilia  albiciliata,  end  of  nnctis. 

Fig.   9.  Alucita  cinerascens,  side  view. 

Fig.  10.  Alucita  cinerascens,  top  view. 

Fig.  11.  Alucita  cinerascens,  view  of  an  internal  chitinons  piece. 

Fig.  12.  Pterophorus  guttatus,  side  view. 

Fig.  13.  Pterophorus  guttatus,  top  view  of  dorsal  plate. 

Fig.  14.  Platyptilia  ochrodactyla,  side  view. 

Fig.  15.  Platyptilia  ochrodactyla,  top  view. 


81 


Plate  IX. 


13 


15 


INDEX    OF   GENERA. 


PACK 

Aciptilus,  .  '  .  15,  35,  36,  37,  39 
Alucita,  .  .  ^  .  •.  .  .  36 
Ahicita,  .  25,  33,  40,  42,  51,  52,  58,  62 

Amblyptilus,    .        ...        -24,  25 

Leioptilus,  .  .  .  .  41,  45 
Lioptilus,  41,  43,  44,  45,  47,  48,  49,  50 


Mimeseoptilus, 
(Edematophortts, 


.  58,  59,  60 
52,  53,  54,  55,  56 


PAGE 

Orneodes,  .  .  .  ,'  .  61 
Oxyptilus,  ....  .  16 
Platyptilia,  .  .  .  .  .  22 
Platyptilus,  25, 26,  27, 28, 29,  30,  31, 32,  34 


Pterophorus,  . 

Fterophorus,  . 

Stenoptilia, 

Trichoptilus,  . 


.        .        .        .39 
.15,  17,20,26,31,34 

.      57 
.     13 


INDEX   OF   SPECIES 


acanthodactyla, 
adusta,              . 
adustus,    .        .       -i,: 
agraphodactylus,     . 
albicans,  . 
albiciliata, 
albiciliatiis, 
albida, 
albidorsella,     . 
albidorsellus,    . 
albidus,     . 
ambrosice, 
angustus, 
baroni, 
belfragei, 

PA  OK 

...         .       25 
.        .        .      32 

.        .        .      32 
.        .        .      47 
.32 
.        .      32 
.32 
.        .        .29 
.      30 
.      30 
.      29 
.      56 
.       44 
.         .         .       54 
f  "*-  .        .      37 
34 

coloradensis,    . 

PAGK 

.        .        .61 
30 

cosraodactyla, 
cosmodactylus, 
cretidactylus,  . 
cretidactylus,   . 
delai'aricus, 
delawaricus,     . 
edwardsii, 
elliottii,    . 
eupatorii, 
exclamationis, 
fishii, 

.        .        .        .25 
.       25 
...       52 
.        .        ..       .      52 
.      20 
.        .        .19 
.        .        .        .      25 
.    '     .        .        .      42 
.'       .        .        .52 
...        .59 
...        .       40 

fragilis,    .        , 
grandis,    .        . 

....      28 

.        .        .         30,  50 
54 

34 

55 

brucei, 
californicus,     .        . 

.       42 
.    -    .         .       15 
.         .         .       26 

53 

43 

hexadactyla,    . 
hololeucos,^ 
hoinodactylus, 
inconditus, 
inquinatus, 
kellicottii, 

.       62 
.       41 
.       41 
.        .        .        .       47 
.      56 
49 

carduidactyla,          . 
carchiidactylus,         . 
cerrimdactyhts,        . 

.       26 
.    '     .       26 
.       34 
.         .                54 

39 

51 

43 

lobidactylus,    .....      15 

lugubris, 55 

inarginidactyla,        .        .        .        .34 
marginidactylus,      .        .         .         .34 

mathewianus, 45 

mengeli, 60 

modesta, 31 

modestus, 31 

monodactyla,    .         .         .         .         .51 

inonodactylus.         ....      51 

montana,          .        .        •        •        .37 
montana,  ......       62 

montanus,         .....      37 

naevosidactylus,       ....      51 

nebulaedactylus,       .         .         .         .34 

nigrociliatits, 20 

ningoris,  ......      20 

occidentalis, 52 

ochrodactylus.          ....       15 

orthocarpi, 29 

paleaceus, 45 

parvus, 48 


per  gracilidacty  lus,  , 
percnodactyla, 
percnodactylus, 
periscelidactylus, 
petrodactyla,    . 
petrodactylus,  . 
pica. 

PAGE 

.      51 
.      27 
.      27 
.      17 
.      31 
.      31 
.      24 

pterodactyla,    . 

.      58 
58 

pygmaeus, 
rileyi, 
semicostata,     . 
semicostatus,     . 

.       U 
.       50 
.       60 
.       60 
45 

shastai,     . 

.       28 
44 

subochraceus,  . 
sulphnreodactylus, 
sulphureus. 
tenuidactylus, 
tesseradactyla, 
walsinghami.   . 

.       43 
.       44 
.       44 
.       20 
.       33 
.       36 

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